IGNEOUS ______________ rock ___________: _____________________ rock ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock

Igneous Rock

IGNEOUS ______________ rock weathering ___________: ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock

Weathering: the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface by… Wind abrasion Wind easily picks up and moves sand particles. The sharp edges of the sand particles scrape off small pieces of exposed rocks.

Water abrasion Running water carries along loose rocks and other particles. The moving rocks and particles collide, scrape against one another, and eventually break

Changes in temperature Rocks expand when heated, contract when cooled. The repeated changes in temp. cause particles of the surface of the rock to crack or flake off. Water may seep into a small crack in the rock. The water freezing/ contracting, and heating/expanding causes the rock to break into pieces (potholes in roads)

Chemicals Some rocks dissolve in water (H20), Acid rain water mixing with gases/chemicals in atmosphere, often wears away &/or speeds up the decomposition of rocks

Organic activity Roots of plants loosen/ crack rock material

Crayon shavings represent sediment caused from weathering & erosion

IGNEOUS weathering erosion ______________ rock ___________: ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together erosion ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock

Erosion: the small pieces of weathered rock & soil are moved from one place to another by… wind

gravity

water

glaciers

IGNEOUS weathering erosion deposition ______________ rock ___________: ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together erosion ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption deposition _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock

Deposition: the small pieces, or sediments, are deposited, or laid down, in new places

IGNEOUS weathering erosion deposition compaction ______________ rock ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together erosion ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption deposition compaction _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock

Compaction: the particles of sediment are squeezed together

IGNEOUS weathering erosion deposition compaction cementation ______________ rock weathering ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together erosion ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption deposition compaction cementation _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock

Cementation: the particles of sediment begin to stick together deposition compaction cementation

IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY weathering erosion deposition compaction ______________ rock weathering ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together erosion ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption deposition compaction cementation _____________________ (rocks become magma) SEDIMENTARY _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock

Compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rock

Sedimentary Rock

IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY weathering erosion deposition compaction ______________ rock weathering ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together erosion ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption deposition compaction cementation _____________________ (rocks become magma) SEDIMENTARY heat _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock

Heat & Pressure Deep within the Earth's crust rocks can be put under huge pressures and temperatures are very high. These conditions can cause the minerals in the rock to change. This process is called metamorphism. (crayons are again wrapped in aluminum foil, dunked into hot water for a few moments, then squished again)

IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC weathering erosion deposition ______________ rock weathering ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together erosion ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption deposition compaction cementation _____________________ (rocks become magma) METAMORPHIC SEDIMENTARY heat _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock

Metamorphic Rock

IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC weathering erosion deposition ______________ rock weathering ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together erosion ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption deposition compaction melting cementation _____________________ (rocks become magma) METAMORPHIC SEDIMENTARY heat _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock

Melting: Rocks melt & become magma It can get quite hot deep in the Earth's crust. In fact, it can get so hot that the rocks that make up the crust can actually begin to melt. This molten material is called magma. It is less dense than the surrounding rock so it tends to move upwards through the crust.

Now, there are 2 possibilities…

IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC weathering erosion extrusion ______________ rock weathering ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together erosion extrusion ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption deposition compaction melting cementation _____________________ (rocks become magma) METAMORPHIC SEDIMENTARY heat _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock

Extrusion: the magma is forced Out in a volcanic eruption

Igneous Rocks The rocks that form from extruded magma are called extrusive igneous rocks. Basalt and pumice are extrusive igneous rocks. 1. Are very fine grained - magma cools very quickly when it erupts onto the Earth's surface and the crystals in the rock don't have much time to grow. 2. May contain gas bubbles.

IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC weathering erosion extrusion intrusion ______________ rock weathering ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together erosion extrusion ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth intrusion ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption deposition compaction melting cementation _____________________ (rocks become magma) METAMORPHIC SEDIMENTARY heat _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock

Intrusion : Magma cools and crystalizes inside the Earth Molten rock can sometimes form huge reservoirs called magma chambers within the Earth's crust. Left undisturbed over many hundreds of thousands of years this magma will cool and crystallise

Igneous Rock 1. Are large grained - magma cools very slowly beneath the Earth's surface so the crystals in the rock have a long time to grow.2. Are made up of angular interlocking crystals.

IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC weathering erosion extrusion intrusion ______________ rock weathering ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together erosion extrusion ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth intrusion ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption deposition compaction melting cementation _____________________ (rocks become magma) METAMORPHIC SEDIMENTARY heat _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock

_____________________ rock _______________ _____________________ rock ________________ : the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface _________________: the small pieces are moved from one place to another _________________: the small pieces, or Sediments are deposited, or laid down, in new places _____________________: sediment is squeezed together ____________________: sediment begins to stick together ___________: magma cools & crystalizes inside the Earth ______________: magma forced out by volcanic eruption _____________________ (rocks become magma) _____________________ rock _______________ & pressure _____________________ rock