Science 9 – Topic 6 Summary Topic 5 Review Questions on page 235 – re-teaching Tuesday at noon – should come if you did poorly. Some students did NOT read the topic before attempting the questions. Read the topic. 2) Final Exam = Friday  Use handouts (questions, year in review, practice tests) 3) Come for help when you have specific outcomes that require re-teaching. 4) Topic 4-6 Test on Tuesday. Topic 6 – Fill in blanks as we go through these notes and highlight terms you need to review. NIMBY refers to “ ________________________________________________” and basically means that … Solid wastes usually go to a _________________________. Liquid wastes have to be removed at a _____________________________. Air and water pollution are hard to deal with due to _____________________________. * Air pollutants tend to concentrate at the ____________________________. (Canada)

Examples of Air Pollution: CFCs – Chlorofluorocarbons – used in styrofoam, aerosol cans, coolants in air conditioners and refrigerators – stable and non-toxic BUT reacts high in the atmosphere with UV light to release chloride ions and they breakdown our ozone layer. Solutions – stop using CFCs, agreements between most countries to stick with this Carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides – released from burning fossil fuels leads to acid precipitation. Soot Dust – Agricultural practices Heavy metals such as lead, nickel, copper See map on page 237

Water Pollution Can be at the Surface or within the Earth (Groundwater, Aquifers) Water has to be cleaned after it is used and before we return it to the water body we got it from. Treatment ranges from simple (one step) to more complex (many steps) Examples of Water Treatment: Primary (Physical) – using screens, filters, settling tanks, etc. to remove large solids and suspended sediments – like to drain on your sink (vegetable peels get left behind, water goes down drain) Secondary – uses bacteria (Biological Treatment) by allowing them to feed on waste in water. Can be aerobic or anaerobic (with oxygen or without) and then Chemical Treatment – adding chlorine to kill any diseased organisms left. (Goldbar uses UV light to sterilize them) Tertiary Treatment – Allowing water to trickle through soil or a marsh to remove phosphates and nitrates that remain. Water is called EFFLUENT after any treatment. Sometimes water only undergoes primary treatment, sometimes it undergoes all three! Groundwater is water that trickles through the ground and fills the spaces between rocks and soil. It moves quite slowly. Collections of this water is called an aquifer and we drill wells into these aquifers. Water is usually clean and uncontaminated but not always, especially with how many activities occur nearby.

Biodegradability – how long it takes for something to break down. Organic materials can be broken down by bacteria and fungi into carbon dioxide and water Solid wastes are taken to landfills where they biodegrade BUT landfills often create conditions that slow down their breakdown! Why? Hazardous Wastes should be taken to a different waste facility – we have one in Swan Hills – See chart on page 244. Waste Management: 4 Rs – Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover 2) Landfills – Sanitary or Secure Both need to prevent Leaching – leaking of liquid into surrounding area, leachate (liquid involved with waste) is collected and sent to waste water treatment plants like Goldbar (and Goldbar sends some solid waste to a landfill) Bioremediation – using living organisms to fix a problem – Ex. Using bacteria to clean up an oil spill, or the bacteria used at Goldbar.