Reminders on taking notes: Listen first. Take note of key words and their meanings. When you see this icon, it means you have to copy all the contents found on that slide.

Objectives At the end of the period, we should be able to: define science give the characteristics of a scientist identify the steps of the scientific method use the scientific method to solve problems

What do these pictures have in common?

You are correct! All of the pictures involve SCIENCE!

SCIENCE is the … STUDY of living and non-living things INVESTIGATION and EXPLANATION of the things happening around us SYSTEMATIC body of knowledge about things based on FACTS from OBSERVATIONS and EXPERIMENTS

Science would not be possible without these people… Aristotle Hooke Linnaeus Newton 5A SY09-10 Einstein

Characteristics of a scientist: 1. CURIOUS  asks relevant questions  inquire with great interest 2. CRITICAL OUTLOOK  does not easily believe in things that she sees, hears or reads

3. RATIONAL  think logically (step – by – step)  reason clearly  thinking – with – a – purpose 4. IMAGINATIVE  invent and formulate NEW ideas  come up with ORIGINAL output

5. SOUND JUDGMENT  does not make any conclusions easily 6 5. SOUND JUDGMENT  does not make any conclusions easily 6. SCIENTIFIC  honest  appreciates nature  willingness to STUDY

Let’s put on our caps and think about these situations…

Let’s see what they were able to come up with… For centuries , people based their beliefs on their interpretations of what they saw going on in the world around them – without testing their ideas to determine the validity of these theories. Their conclusions were based on untested observations. Let’s see what they were able to come up with…

SPONTANEOUS GENERATION the idea that non – living objects can give rise to living organisms simple organisms like worms, beetles and frogs can come from dust, mud and food left out

Spontaneous Generation Observation Conclusion Every year in the spring, the Nile River flooded areas of Egypt along the river, leaving behind nutrient-rich mud that enabled the people to grow that year’s crop of food. However, along with the muddy soil, large numbers of frogs appeared that weren’t around in drier times. It was perfectly obvious for people back then that muddy soil gave rise to frogs.

Spontaneous Generation Observation Conclusion Since there were no refrigerators, the mandatory, daily trip to the butcher shop, especially in summer, meant battling the flies around the carcasses. Typically, carcasses were “hung by their heels,” and customers selected which chunk the butcher would carve off for them. Obviously, the rotting meat that had been hanging in the sun all day was the source of the flies.

One of the first to disprove the theory of Spontaneous Generation was Italian physicist Francesco Redi. Based on the illustration above, how did Francesco Redi disprove the theory of Spontaneous Generation?

Let’s trace Redi’s steps… Observation: There are flies around meat carcasses at the butcher shop.

Where do the flies come from? Does rotting meat turn into flies? Share the results Conclude Record Test the hypothesis If you place a piece of rotting meat in an air-tight container, then it will not produce flies. Gather information. Where do the flies come from? Does rotting meat turn into flies? State a problem Research Formulate a hypothesis Experiment Record and analyze data State a conclusion Communicate the results SCIENTIFIC METHOD

The scientific method in action. Let’s give it a try. Activity: Insert a skewer inside an inflated balloon without making it pop.

Assign who will be: “Poker” – 2 persons “Grease Monkey” – 1 person “Dottie” – 2 persons “Oxygen Tank – 2 persons

Dottie: Use the marker to draw about 10 dots on the balloon Dottie: Use the marker to draw about 10 dots on the balloon. The dots should be about the size of the head of a match. Be sure to draw them at both ends and in the middle of the balloon. Oxygen tank: Inflate the balloon half way and tie the end. Observe the various sizes of the dots all over the balloon. Judging from the size of the dots, where on the balloon are the latex molecules stretched out the most? Where are they stretched out the least?

4. Grease monkey: Dip the tip of the wooden skewer in the petroleum jelly and use your fingers to coat the skewer with it. 5. Poker: Use the observations that you made previously about the dots on the balloon to decide the best spot to puncture the balloon with the skewer. Of course, the object is not to pop the balloon!

How does it work?

Were we able to achieve our objectives? Did we: define science give the characteristics of a scientist identify the steps of the scientific method use the scientific method to solve problems have FUN?