Chapter 10 – pages 316-331 The Decline of the Notables and the Rise of Parties The Rise of Democracy: More Americans (white males) participated in politics Property requirements and taxpaying requirements disappeared in many states Western states gain more prominence Martin Van Buren helped introduce political machines – rewarded supporters with jobs (patronage, spoils system) The Election of 1824 (The “Corrupt Bargain”): 5 candidates run for election of 1824 J.Q. Adams Andrew Jackson Henry Clay John Calhoun William Crawford None win an electoral majority, although Andrew Jackson has the most electoral and popular votes According to the 12th Amendment, the House would then decide who among the top 3 candidates would become President Henry Clay who finished 4th threw his support behind Adams in exchange for becoming his Secretary of State

Jackson called the arrangement a CORRUPT BARGAIN Election of 1824 5 candidates ran for election in 1824 J.Q. Adams Andrew Jackson Henry Clay John Calhoun William Crawford None win an electoral majority, although Andrew Jackson has the most electoral and popular votes According to the 12th Amendment, the House would then decide who among the top 3 candidates would become President Henry Clay who finished 4th threw his support behind Adams in exchange for becoming his Secretary of State Jackson called the arrangement a CORRUPT BARGAIN

Election of 1824 Candidate Electoral votes Adams 84 Jackson 99 Crawford 41 Clay 37

The Rise of Popular Politics, 1810 - 1828 Adams presidency JQA favored the American System – Started by Hamilton – followed by Clay and now Adams 3 parts – internal improvements, tariffs, Bank of the US The Fate of Adams’s Policies: Andrew Jackson and his followers rejected the American System The Tariff Battle: Tariff of Abominations (1828): Raised tariff rates drastically Hated by South Favored by manufacturers in NE “The Democracy” and the Election of 1828 John C. Calhoun ran as Jackson’s VP

The Jacksonian Presidency, 1829 – 1837 The Tariff and Nullification: Slave owners feared high tariffs and wanted them reduced John C. Calhoun (sitting VP – from South Carolina) Wrote South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828) Urged states to nullify the Tariff of Abominations Argued since the states created the federal government, they had the ability to nullify federal laws - Drew on VA and KY Resolutions Webster-Hayne Debate: States’ Rights (Hayne) v. National Power (Webster) Hayne advocated nullification “Second Reply to Hayne” Webster advocated national power “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable.” Compromise Tariff of 1833 (Henry Clay): Reduced tariff rates by 10% per year for 8 years Force Bill: President could use military in future to collect tariffs

The Jacksonian Presidency, 1829 – 1837 The Bank War: Andrew Jackson blamed the BUS for the 1819 economic panic – not giving out money to people who lived outside of the Northeastern part of the country. Nicholas Biddle: President of the BUS 1832 veto: Jackson vetoed the re-charter of the BUS (BUS would expire in 1836) Removal of Bank Deposits: Jackson removed all government deposits from the BUS and placed in state “pet” banks Biddle called in loans -> economic crisis ensues

The Jacksonian Presidency, 1829 – 1837 Indian Removal Jackson advocated removal of Natives west of Mississippi River “5 Civilized Tribes” Located in the South – GA, AL, MS, FL Indian Removal Act (1830) Aimed to move southern tribes to west of MS River Worcester v. Georgia (1832) Supreme Court stated Natives could NOT be forced to move Jackson ignores the decision Trail of Tears: Winter of 1838 Forced removal of 1,000s of Natives Thousands died during or shortly after arriving out west