Absolutism Absolutism – unlimited power held by one individual or group Divine Right – belief that a ruler received absolute authority directly from God

King Ferdinand of Aragon married Queen Isabella of Castile

Together they conquered Navarre and Granada and created Spain

They had one child survive to adulthood Juana the Mad

Juana married Philip IV, Duke of Burgundy

Juana and Philip had a son, Charles V

Charles had a son, Philip II He conquered Portugal

Research Groups In your groups, research the monarch you’ve been assigned. If you only had 1-2 minutes to describe this person to the class, what would you say? We will present next class. KEEP IT SIMPLE!

Spain Russia Philip II Ivan IV (the Terrible) Peter the Great Prussia Catherine the Great Fredrick the Great England France Henry VIII Henry IV Mary I (Bloody Mary) Louis XIV Elizabeth I

Spain: Philip II

France: Henry IV

France: Louis XIV

England: Henry VIII

England: Mary I (Bloody Mary)

England: Elizabeth I

Prussia: Fredrick the Great

Russia: Ivan the Terrible

Russia: Peter the Great

Russia: Catherine the Great

France The Protestant Reformation caused a civil war in France between Catholics and Protestants.

Henry IV ended the religious wars in France by giving Protestants the right to have armies and fortified towns

France The absolute monarchy in France was created by: 1. Destroying the castles and armies of the nobles 2. Giving power over local matters to agents of the king 3. Nobles were allowed to keep social status and were exempt from taxes

France 4. Protestants could not have fortified towns 5. Protestants could keep religious freedom

England Constitutionalism – a system of government in which laws limit the ruler’s power Magna Carta – A document that limited the power of the king in England

Bill of Rights – limited the power of the king in England Parliament –legislative body of England

Henry VIII

Reflect What are the differences between the ways kings and queens ruled in France and in England?

Station Activity Using a graphic organizer and visit each station to learn about each figure and their contributions to the Scientific Revolution. Keep it simple 

Scientific Revolution Scientific Revolution – A period in which Europeans began to look for natural laws. Natural Laws – theories that explain how nature works

Nicholas Copernicus

Galileo

Isaac Newton

William Harvey Robert Hooke

Scientific Method Marie Lavoisier

Enlightenment – a period in which Europeans began to look for natural laws that would apply to human society.

Thomas Hobbes Humans are animals that act in their own self-interest We need an absolute monarchy to keep us under control People should do what they are told, THEN government will provide law and order

Social Contract – an agreement between government and the people

John Locke Humans are good, and will use reason to find the best solutions to benefit society Every human has the right to life, liberty, and property

3. Democracy is the best form of government 4. Government should provide for the people, THEN people will obey the government

Voltaire freedom of speech freedom of religion separation of church and state

Jean Jacques Rousseau 1.People are good, but society corrupts them 2. Property is bad 3. People have the right to overthrow their government

Baron de Montesquieu People are good, but power corrupts them The power of government should be divided into three branches Every person has rights, regardless of their position in society

Enlightenment ideas influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence

Activity Identify specific Enlightenment ideas in the edited version of the Declaration of Independence.

Reflection Questions How was the Scientific Revolution a change in both science and thought? What was the Age of Enlightenment? In what ways did the philosophers of this time influence the U.S Government?