May 1, 2013 STARTER Henry David Thoreau wrote that if a law “requires you to be the agent (cause)of injustice to another then I say, break the law.” What do you think he meant by this quote?

North vs. South

Geography North South Rocky Soil Many inland rivers Great ports Subsistence farming Many inland rivers Great ports Lead to large population Short growing season One crop Fertile soil Led to Big Farming Few inland rivers Shallow ports Long growing season Two/Three crops

Agriculture North South Subsistence Farming Labor Paid labor raises prices and low profit Plantation System Farming LARGE CASH CROPS! Cotton is King! Fertile Soil Large Profit Hard to produce Picking, cleaning… Also had rice Sugar cane Wheat Vegetables Labor FREE labor keeps price down and large profit.

Industry North South Exploding Industry Industrial Revolution made use of rivers Immigration Immigrants = cheap labor No slavery Material sent from the South Stagnate Industry due to… Lack of roads Lack of rivers (no power) Materials sent to the North.

Eli Whitney Born in the North Built the Cotton Gin in 1793 A machine which made it easier to clean cotton once it had been picked. ONE slave could do the work of TEN slaves What do the other NINE slaves do?

Slavery by the numbers… The Cotton Gin Changed EVERYTHING… Pre-Cotton Gin 659,427 1810 1,500,000 slaves in the south 1860 4,000,000 slaves in the south Cotton production as percentage of U.S exports Pre-Gin 7.1% 1820 32% 1840 51% 1860 57.5% 32% of the South were slaves 17% were slave owners

WHAT IS SECTIONALISM?

Loyalty to a specific region Sectionalism: Loyalty to a specific region

Balance of Power 1819 = 11 states with slavery 11 states without slavery How many senators does each state have? Answer: 2 per state 22 senators with slavery, 22 senators without slavery California wants to become a State

What if California joins as a… Slave state? Slave states would have 24 votes in the Senate and free states would only have 22 votes. Slave states can pass laws to ensure/force slavery's existence Make the North return runaway slaves Free State? Free states would have 24 votes in the Senate and slave states only would have 22 votes. Free states can pass laws to limit or abolish slavery

Compromise of 1850 With the person next to you read about the Compromise of 1850 on Page 451 in your textbook You will have five minutes to read and answer two questions: 1. What are two gains the North gets from this Compromise? What about the South? 2. What was the importance of the Compromise of 1850?

Fugitive Slave Act Now read page 453 by yourself, which is about the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 (a portion of the Compromise of 1850). Then answer the last three questions on your worksheet. Once you are finished please color in the map of the Compromise of 1850. Use page 454 as a guideline for the map, and INCLUDE A KEY! *Make sure you are looking at the map of the Compromise of 1850, NOT the Kansas-Nebraska Act!!*