Age of Exploration Week 2-2 Global 2 Ms. Lyons

1400’s Europeans wanted Asian spices. Portugal & Spain explored first! WHY? They had technology & resources.

Reconquista Ferdinand & Isabella – married & united strong kingdoms of Spain They finished the “Reconquista” (drove Muslims from Spain) Isabella wanted everyone to be Christian, so she killed/exiled Jews & Muslims

Technology Printing press Gunpowder Naval Technology Gutenberg – access to new ideas (geography) Gunpowder Arab traders brought it to Portugal & they put cannons on ships Naval Technology Cartographers (mapmakers) astrolabe (use stars to navigate compass when at sea), bigger & better ship

People Bartholomew Dias (Cape of Good Hope) Vasco de Gama – (Cape of Good Hope) then came back with Asian spices & sold for a profit Christopher Columbus – Went west to get to India & reached Caribbean (Americas)

Imperialism in Africa Portuguese – string of forts on west coast Dutch – called “Boers” in Cape Town, SA enslaved/kicked out Africans

Imperialism in Asia Portugal: controlled spice trade for most of 1500’s (Indian Ocean)  no land power, just sea Dutch: controlled Asian spice trade 1500’s-1700’s (Dutch East India Company) Spain: Ferdinand Magellan (1st circumnavigation) England & France: 1750’s British & “Sepoys” (Indian troops) pushed French out of India

TO BE CONTINUED TOMORROW…

Imperialism in the Americas Spanish conquistadors some searching for gold, missionaries Hernan Cortes (1521: conquered Aztecs) Francisco Pizarro (1532: conquered Incas) Spanish = successful because: Powerful weapons, horses, armor Allies in Native Americans being ruled by Aztecs/Incas Diseases killed Natives – loss of faith in their gods French claimed Canada English – Jamestown settled in 1607, 13 colonies

Triangle Trade 1500’s: African slaves were brought to the Americas to work on American plantations Triangle between Africa, Americas, Europe Middle Passage: the trip from Africa to the Americas on slave ships terrible conditions  millions died from disease, mistreatment, or suicide 1800’s: slave trade finally ended

Encomienda System Peninsulares (born in Spain)   Creoles (European descent) Mestizos (mix: Native & European) & Mulattoes (mix: African & European) Native Americans & Africans

Columbian Exchange Major result: Cultural diffusion! Plants (corn & potatoes) traveled to Europe, Africa, Asia Other plants (bananas & rice) came back to Americas Goats & chickens – from Africa & Asia – to Americas Diseases (measles & typhus) killed Americans

Mercantilism Definition: exporting more than importing (Europe used Americas to get rich) Colonies gave Europe raw materials & served as market for finished goods