Warm up What are the 3 components of a nucleotide? Which component changes based on the nucleotide? What is a chromosome? Where is it located? What.

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Presentation transcript:

Warm up What are the 3 components of a nucleotide? Which component changes based on the nucleotide? What is a chromosome? Where is it located? What is it constructed of?

Chromosomes Tightly coiled bundles of DNA and protein

DNA DOUBLE HELIX Made of nuleotides

Genes Sections within the much longer DNA sequence Give us our traits The blueprint or plan for a particular protein DNA is organized into genes

Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Nucleotide 3 parts Deoxyribose Phosphate group Nitrogenous base Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine

Big Picture

Warm Up 12/6-9 What is DNA replication? How is RNA the same as DNA? How is it different?

How does DNA replicate and produce RNA? DNA unzips for 2 reasons: DNA replication, before the cell can divide RNA transcription, to send information out of the nucleus DNA cannot directly produce proteins http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=teV62zr m2P0

RNA Ribonucleic Acid Consists of a long chain nucleotides Made up of a 5-carbon sugar(ribose), phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

Nitrogenous bases for RNA Adenine Guanine Uracil Cytosine

3 types of RNA mRNA (messenger RNA) rRNA (ribosomal RNA) tRNA (transfer RNA)

mRNA The RNA molecule that carries from DNA to the rest of the cell Transcription: first step in protein synthesis. RNA copies the DNA template

rRNA The central component of the ribosome Attaches to the mRNA to hold it together during translation Translation: second step in protein synthesis. mRNA is decoded into a protein.

tRNA Transfers each amino acid to the ribosome to help assemble protein Each tRNA carries only one kind of amino acid Each tRNA carries three unpaired bases called an anti-codon

Seeing it

DNA vs. RNA Cookbook Double strand Sugar is deoxyribose Larger molecule Stores info. Thymine More stable Nucleus Recipe Single strand Sugar is ribose Smaller molecule Stores-codes info. and makes protein Uracil Less stable Nucleus, cytoplasm and ribosome DNA vs. RNA

Protein review Macromolecules Regulate rate and pattern of growth in an organism Enzymes (type of protein) catalyze and regulate chemical reactions throughout the body RNA is the bridge to DNA and the proteins which it codes

Next time Protein Synthesis Transcription and Translation