Transcription and Translation

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Presentation transcript:

Transcription and Translation

Transcription Definition: RNA is made from 1 gene in DNA To send a message to the cytoplasm DNA safe in the nucleus Uses mRNA Definition: RNA is made from 1 gene in DNA The type of RNA made is called mRNA (messenger RNA) because it sends a message from DNA to the cytoplasm

Transcription DNA: GAG AAC TAG TAC RNA: CUC UUG AUC AUG Unzip one gene in DNA Match up bases to one side of a gene in DNA mRNA detaches from the DNA mRNA moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm DNA: GAG AAC TAG TAC RNA: CUC UUG AUC AUG For figuring out RNA: A binds U C binds G

Transcription happens in the nucleus. An RNA copy of a gene is made. DNA mRNA mRNA Cytoplasm of cell Nucleus Transcription happens in the nucleus. An RNA copy of a gene is made. Then the mRNA that has been made moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm Once in the cytoplasm, the mRNA is used to make a protein

How does mRNA tell the cell what to do? mRNA is a message that codes for a protein Proteins are made in the cytoplasm and then work to keep the cell alive Translation (protein synthesis): Process of making a protein Proteins are made up of amino acids (small building blocks) There are 20 different types of amino acids

Protein Amino Acids

1mRNA moves out of nucleus and into cytoplasm mRNA attaches to a ribosome Transfer RNA (tRNA) decodes the mRNA and brings amino acids to build up the protein Ribosome tRNA Amino acid Anticodon (3 bases on tRNA): Matches up to codons on mRNA Protein (chain of amino acids) detaches from ribosome and goes off to work in the cell

The Genetic Code. . . . . .is a code that matches codons in mRNA to amino acids on tRNAs mRNA  Codons  (3 bases) Amino  acids Stop codon – codes for the end of the mRNA (no amino acid added)

Steps of Codon “Decoding” 1. Read your mRNA codon  ACU 2. Find 1st base on the left, 2nd base on the top, 3rd base on the right. Find where they all cross in the chart. Different codons code for different amino acids!!! 4. Read your amino acid.Threonine

Transcription Translation RNA Protein DNA Carries the directions to the cytoplasm Work to keep the cell alive Directions to make proteins are safely stored in the nucleus

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