Proteins

Multipurpose molecules Proteins: Multipurpose molecules 2006-2007

Proteins Examples Muscle Cartilage skin, hair, fingernails, claws insulin Proteins Examples Muscle Cartilage skin, hair, fingernails, claws collagen, keratin pepsin digestive enzyme in stomach insulin hormone that controls blood sugar levels pepsin collagen (skin)

Proteins Function: many, many functions hormones movement signals from one body system to another insulin movement muscle immune system protect against germs enzymes help chemical reactions

Proteins —N— H | —C— C—OH || O Monomer - Building block = amino acids – 20 different amino acids There’s 20 of us… like 20 different letters in an alphabet! Can make lots of different words —N— H | —C— C—OH || O variable group

Amino acid chains Proteins Each amino acid is different amino acids chained into a polymer amino acid Each amino acid is different

For proteins: SHAPE matters! Proteins fold and twist into 3-D shapes The 3D shape determines the function Different shapes = different jobs growth hormone hemoglobin pepsin collagen

It’s SHAPE that matters! Proteins do their jobs, because of their shape Unfolding a protein destroys its shape wrong shape = can’t do its job unfolding proteins = “denature” Things that can effect a protein’s shape: temperature pH (acidity) salinity unfolded “denatured” folded

What are three things proteins have done for your body since you woke up this morning? What are the monomers of proteins? What do enzyme does? What would happen if I exposed an enzyme to an extremely high pH?

Let’s BUILD some Proteins!