Chapter 2 The World of Science Purpose: Understanding the steps in the pursuit of scientific explanations “knowledge” .

SC.7.N.1.5 Describe the methods used in pursuit of scientific explanations as seen in different fields of science such as biology, geology, and physics. SC.7.N.1.6 Explain that empirical evidence is the cumulative body of observations of a natural phenomenon on which scientific explanations are based.

Chapter 2 The World of Science How do scientist “see” your brain? How does scientific knowledge develop? What might the colors of this brain scan mean?

Chapter 2 The World Of Science Why do you think scientists use this kind of image to study the brain? What other kinds of images like this can scientists use to study parts of the body in the pursuit of scientific explanations? How is concussion testing an example of gaining scientific knowledge?

Chapter 2 The World Of Science Check Your Understanding – Page 62 Vocabulary skill – use context to determine the meaning of the word(s) Vocabulary Lessons 1-3– scientific explanation, empirical evidence, opinion, controversy, scientific theory, scientific law

Do Now Scientific Laws And Scientific Theories What is one difference between a theory and a scientific law? What is a common purpose of a scientific theory and a scientific law? Sam noticed every time she rolled a ball on a flat surface it did not stop unless she applied a force on it. This happened multiple times. The outcome never changed. Would you classify this as a law or theory? Why? Do Now Scientific Laws And Scientific Theories

FAULT COMMON DEFINITION GEOLOGICAL DEFINITION

COLD COMMON DEFINITION SCIENTIFIC

CELL COMMON USE SCIENTIFIC MEANING

THEORY COMMON SCIENTIFIC

LAW COMMON SCIENTIFIC

Chapter 2 Lesson 1-3: Scientific Explanation, Theories and Laws What is Scientific Explanation? What methods do scientists use in the pursuit of knowledge? Why do we need both theories and laws? Scientific theories and laws Top Ten Theories That Were Not True

Scientific Theory and Scientific Law Both Theory and Law Scientific Law

Scientific Theory and Scientific Law Chemistry and Physics have more of these Explains how nature works Biology has more of these Tested hypothesis Describes what nature does under certain conditions (usually with a mathematical formula) Supported by large amount of data Scientific Theory Both Theory and Law Scientific Law Helps unify a field of study Can be modified if even 1 peer-reviewed experiment produces data showing disagreement Widely accepted by a vast majority (if not all) scientists within a discipline

Scientific Theory and Scientific Law (Answer Key) Both Theory and Law Scientific Theory Scientific Law 1) Tested hypothesis 2) Supported by large amount of data 1) Chemistry and Physics have more of these 1) Biology has more of these 3) Helps unify a field of study 2) Describes what nature does under certain conditions (usually with a mathematical formula) 2) Explains how nature works 4) Can be modified if even 1 peer-reviewed experiment produces data showing disagreement 5) Widely accepted by a vast majority (if not all) scientists within a discipline

Scientific Theory and Scientific Law Why do we need both?

Scientific Method Organized and careful method that scientists use figure things out about nature Experiment process never really ends The conclusion (whether it ends in a description of how or a statement of what) can be changed when further experimentation shows changes should be made

Scientific Theory and Scientific Law The field of biology has more scientific theories that result from research. The fields of chemistry and physics have more scientific laws that result from research. Cell Theory Charles’s Law: V1/T1 = V2/T2 Evolutionary Theory

Scientific Theory and Scientific Law Scientific Theory usually describes a phenomenon seen in nature. Scientific Law usually explains how a process works under a given set of conditions with a mathematical formula. BOTH are proven true through continuous experimentation! New cells form from existing cells Force is the product of an object’s mass and acceleration

Question: Is this a scientific theory or a scientific law? Mass can come from energy and energy from mass (E= mc2) The speed of light in a vacuum is constant and an absolute physical boundary for motion Is this a scientific theory or a scientific law? Scientific LAW Is this a scientific theory or a scientific law? Part of the THEORY of relativity

Is a scientific theory or a scientific law more correct? Question: Is a scientific theory or a scientific law more correct? Trick question! Both are equally proven to be true through continuous experimentation.