Reforms? What Reforms?.

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Presentation transcript:

Reforms? What Reforms?

Revivalists get the crowd going Do You Feel the Power? Revivalists get the crowd going

Religious Zeal and New Communities: Called the “Second Great Awakening” Americans turn attention to personal reform through religion Americans were mostly Christian/Protestant and optimistic about economy/democracy “Revivalists” –powerful speakers whipped up emotion

African Americans and Women Hear the Call to the Lord Large number of A.A.’s and women join African Americans form their own denominations such as the A.M.E. (Denomination of Methodist Episcopal—anti-slavery)

Utopian Communities Spring Up Utopian = “Ideal or perfect place” Shakers…Shaking bodies…separate community…led by Mother Ann…faded away Mormons: Still going strong (Mitt Romney) led by Brigham Young to Salt Lake City (BYU University) Plural Marriage (multiple wives) Mormons disavowed (rejected) in 1890

Transcendentalism Finding God, meaning and self by living close to nature Still relevant today Henry David Thoreau Wrote “On Walden Pond” while living alone in nature Ralph Waldo Emerson—leader of Transcendental movement

Emerson Quotes Don’t take notes here “Never lose an opportunity of seeing anything beautiful, for beauty is God's handwriting.” “What lies behind you and what lies in front of you, pales in comparison to what lies inside of you.” “The earth laughs in flowers.”

Moving on to….Social Reform Time to Drain the Swamp!

Alcohol Abuse Major problem—7 gallons per person/year Women were victims (second class citizens) Caused illness, poverty, violence of all kinds Gave rise to temperance (control/restraint) movement Immigrants protest being lumped in Consumption drops dramatically by 1850

Women Take Charge for More reform Increasing wealth and leisure means women begin to expect more Demanded education—first college (Oberlin) in 1822 Women believed it was their duty to influence and guide men

Education Reform First “free” public schools (elementary) in 1840 Horace Mann (Mass. Sec. of Ed.) first statewide school system Spread across America South rejected the idea. WHY? Connected to abolition Hired their own tutors Was a family-not public obligation Feared educated A.A.’s

Women Slowly Gain Education Oberlin College (1830’s) accepts African Americans too First African American women gets MD—Rebecca Lee Crumpler in 1864

Reforming Institutions

From barbarism to rehabilitation Mass. leads again…result—new hospitals nation wide Prisons focus on rehabilitation… limit overcrowding, separate children from adults. Poor houses: Shift to urban life (industrialization) and immigration pressure left many homeless and starving. Even workers with jobs lived in poverty. (Remember “Cannibals All?”)

Irish Arriving in America

Working Poor: One Paycheck Away From Homelessness

Abolition American Colonization Society Quakers were early opponents William Lloyd Garrison published “The Liberator” Frederick Douglass fugitive slave/top recruiter to Anti-Slavery Society Had problems—met with violence and divisions within the movement