The Cell Cycle & Cell Division

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Presentation transcript:

The Cell Cycle & Cell Division

The Cell Cycle http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2001/press.html

Cell Cycle Allows single-celled organisms to reproduce themselves Allows multi-cellular organisms to develop, grow, and maintain tissue Has 4 stages Gap 1 (G1) Synthesis (S) Gap 2 (G2) Mitosis (M)

Gap 1 (G1) Cell enters cell cycle and nearly doubles in size All important components in cytoplasm (mitochondria & other organelles) double in #

Synthesis (S) Cell creates an exact copy of its DNA

Gap 2 (G2) Cell builds machinery for cell division

Interphase G1, S, G2 phases are collectively know as interphase Cell makes necessary preparations for cell division

Animated Cycle http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm

MITOSIS

Mitosis The process of cell division which results in the production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell. The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell.

Mitosis can be divided into stages Interphase (G1, S, G2) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase & Cytokinesis

Interphase The cell prepares for division Animal & Plant Cells DNA replicated Organelles replicated Cell increases in size

Interphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Prophase The cell prepares for nuclear division Animal & Plant Cells Packages DNA into chromosomes Becomes clear that 2 identical sister chromatids are attached at the centromere

Prophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Metaphase The cell prepares chromosomes for division Animal & Plant Cells Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell Spindle fibers attach from daughter cells to chromosomes at the centromere

Metaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Anaphase The chromosomes divide Animal & Plant Cells Spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart ½ of each chromosome (called chromotid) moves to opposite poles of the cell

Anaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Telophase The cytoplasm divides Plant Cell DNA spreads out 2 nuclei form New cell wall forms between the nuclei to form the 2 new daughter cells Animal Cell DNA spreads out 2 nuclei form Cellular membrane pinches in to form the 2 new daughter cells

Telophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Mitosis Animation http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

Animal Mitosis -- Review Interphase                                                              Prophase                                                              Metaphase                                                              Anaphase                                                              Telophase                                                             

Plant Mitosis -- Review Interphase                                                              Prophase                                                              Metaphase                                                              Anaphase                                                              Telophase                                                             

MEIOSIS

One parent cell produces four daughter cells. Meiosis Meiosis is the type of cell division by which germ cells (eggs and sperm) are produced. One parent cell produces four daughter cells. Daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes found in the original parent cell

During meiosis, DNA replicates once, but the nucleus divides twice.

First Division of Meiosis Prophase 1: Each chromosome duplicates and remains closely associated. These are called sister chromatids. Metaphase 1: Chromosomes align at the center of the cell. Anaphase 1: Chromosome pairs separate with sister chromatids remaining together. Telophase 1: Two daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the chromosome pair.

Second Division of Meiosis Prophase 2: DNA does not replicate. Metaphase 2: Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell Anaphase 2: Centromeres divide and sister chromatids move separately to each pole. Telophase 2: Cell division is complete. Four haploid daughter cells are formed.

Meiosis http://www.biosci.uga.edu/almanac/bio_103/notes/apr_3.html.

Meiosis Animation http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/movie/meiosis.htm

Differences in Mitosis & Meiosis Asexual Cell divides once Two daughter cells Genetic information is identical Meiosis Sexual Cell divides twice Four haploid daughter cells Genetic information is different

Comparison Animations http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divi_flash.html http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/genetics/sciber/animatin.htm