Place these answers onto your Meteorology Chapter 17 Worksheets.

Section 17.1The Atmosphere in Balance Volcanic eruptions  lowered temperature 2. Volcanic eruptions  released gases to form atmosphere 3. Increasing altitude  lowers water vapor concentration 4. Atmospheric recycling  atmosphere’s composition remains stable 5. Fossil fuel burning  increasing CO2 in atmosphere

Section 17.1 Describe the composition of the atmosphere. The atmosphere includes about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon, and less than .5% carbon dioxide. It also contains tiny particles of rock, dirt, pollen, salt crystals, and soot.

Section 17.1 2. Explain why the atmosphere’s composition remains stable. List some ways materials move in and out of the system. It stays stable because substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water move out of the system at the same rate at which they enter the system; photosynthesis, decomposition of organic materials, evaporation, precipitation, and animal exhalation.

Section 17.2 1. Thermosphere: up to 16 km; sun’s radiation absorbed by Earth’s surface creates heat; altitude leads to decreases 2. Mesosphere: 19-50 km; ozone absorbs ultraviolet rays, leads to increases 3. Stratosphere: 50-90 km; decreased ozone leads to cold temperatures; altitude leads to decreases. 4. Troposphere: 90 + km; thin atmosphere absorbs a lot of radiation, leading to very high temperatures.

Section 17.2 Give examples to show how radiation, conduction, and convection move heat energy through the atmosphere. Radiation: Ultraviolet rays cause the transfer of heat from the sun to your skin. Conduction: A fire’s warmth spreading to your body comes from conduction of heat from the fire to the air and then from the air to your body.

Section 17.2 Convection: When a building’s upper floors are hotter than the lower ones, convection has made the hot air rise and cool air fall.

Section 17.2 2. Explain why it is important to keep the Earth’s heat budget balanced. Tell how the greenhouse effect helps maintain balance. When Earth’s heat budget is balanced, its temperature remains relatively constant. If the budget becomes unbalanced, Earth’s average temperatures would rise and fall depending on the direction of the imbalance. The greenhouse effect captures solar radiation that would otherwise disperse back into space.

Section 17.3 Time of day Time of year Latitude Cloud cover Land Water

Section 17.3 Explain how one of the factors you listed in the organizer above effects the temperature at a given location. Time of day affects the angle of the sun’s rays, with the most direct rays falling at noon and gaining heat into the afternoon. Latitude affects the angle of the sun’s rays by placing some parts of the Earth closer to the sun than others. Cloud cover reflects insolation back into space, cooling the Earth.

Section 17.4 Acid rain  destruction of monuments Ozone Depletion  death of marine life Global Warming  rising sea level Smog  reduced crop yields Add to the graphic Organizer originating from Ozone Depletion and Global Warming. Crop Problems