The Endocrine system Glands and hormones

Hormones- chemical messengers carried by blood- May stimulate other glands Regulate growth, development, metabolism, sex processes

Hormones need a specific receptor on a specific cell to do their job

Prostaglandins Get their name from the prostate where they were first discovered A hormone like substance produced by most cells Known as a local hormone Causes smooth muscles to contract Can cause sensation of pain in headaches

Major Glands of the Endocrine system Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal. Pancreas Ovaries Testes

Pituitary gland Master gland of body Located in the depression of sphenoid bone Produces many hormones that affect other glands thyroid stimulating hormone Somatotropin- growth hormone Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation ICSH- causes testes to secrete testosterone Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin in skin(coloring) ADH- antidiuretic hormone

Giantism- oversecretion of somatotropin before puberty Dwarfism- undersecretion of somatotropin. Cause: tumor, injury, infection, genetics Diabetes insipidus- decreased ADH

Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine Thyroid- produces hormones that control metabolism and calcium in blood. Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine goiter- not enough iodine hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism

Located just above the kidney Secretes many hormones Epinephrine Adrenal glands Located just above the kidney Secretes many hormones Epinephrine Norepinephrine Many steroid hormones, inc estrogen and androgens. Steroids have a three ring chemical structure

Pancreas- pancreatic juices into the intestine secretes insulin, a hormone that transports glucose into cells. Also secretes glucagon- increases glucose in bloodstream

Cause- decreased secretion of insulin Symptoms Diabetes Mellitus- Cause- decreased secretion of insulin Symptoms Excessive thirst, excessive urination, hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin infections Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes don’t know it 225,000 die each year 132 billion/year- 10% of our health care spending

Insulin was the first hormone identified (late 1920's) which won the doctor and medical student who discovered it the Nobel Prize (Banting and Best) 1982 - Human Insulin - First ever approved genetically engineered human therapeutic by Genentech

Ovary Produce Estrogen: required for the development of female secondary sex characteristics and for the development of eggs Produce Progesterone: prepares the uterus for the arrival of a developing embryo

Testes Produce Testosterone: responsible for sperm production and the development of male secondary sex characteristics