Test #6: Reproduction and genetics W. Hebert Biology I Honors/Biology I Spring 2017

Bell Work: (10 Minutes) Organize binders. Exams: Next Wednesday and Thursday, Poster: due next Wednesday, Test #6: Monday, Exam Study Guide: online Thursday, Thursday morning: Plan Test Prep Work (1st Block) Test #1 Intro to Course Test #2 Cytology Test #3 Biochemistry and Cellular Transport Test #4 Cell Regulation and Mitosis Test #5 Meiosis and Biotechnology Test #6 Reproduction and Genetics Test #7 DNA/RNA Poster Test #8 Lab Grade Test #9 Participation Test #10 and #11: Exam A and Exam B Test #12: Binder

Set Induction: (20 Minutes) Honors Base pairing Replication DNA polymerase RNA  Messenger RNA  Ribosomal RNA  Transfer RNA Transcription RNA polymerase Codon Translation Mutation Gene expression Anticodon Point mutation Frameshift mutation Mutagen  

Set Induction: (20 Minutes) REgulars Replication RNA  Messenger RNA  Ribosomal RNA  Transfer RNA Transcription Codon Translation Mutation Point mutation Frameshift mutation Mutagen  

Core/closure: (60 Minutes) In one hour, the following assignment must be completely finished. NO EXEMPTIONS!!!!!

Homework: due tomorrow

I. What do you know about DNA/RNA?

II. What is DNA? DNA is a long molecule, like a chain, where the links of the chain are pieces called nucleotides. (sometimes also called “bases.”) DNA is basically a long molecule that contains coded instructions for the cells. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. About half of our DNA comes from our mother, and half comes from our father. Which pieces we get is basically random, and each child gets a different subset of the parents’ DNA.

III. Structure of DNA: Each DNA nucleotide is made up of the following: Phosphate : (P) Simple Sugar : DNA: deoxyribose (D), RNA: ribose (R). Nitrogen Base : Four Types in DNA: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), cytosine (C). Four Types in RNA: all of them except thymine (uracil instead) ***Adenine and Thymine are always paired together. ***Cytosine and Guanine are always paired together.

IV. Shape of a DNA molecule: The structure of DNA was determined by James Watson and Francis Crick. They described the shape of a the DNA molecule as a double helix. Double helix: two strands of DNA that are coiled around each other and attached by bonds between the nitrogenous bases of each chain.

V. What is RNA? RNA is a nucleic acid used to make proteins. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid.

VI. RNA vs. DNA DNA RNA Double stranded single stranded Sugar-deoxyribose sugar-ribose Nitrogen base: thymine nitrogen base: uracil

VII. Types of RNA Messenger RNA: brings instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the cell’s factory floor. (cytoplasm) Ribosomal RNA: binds to the mRNA and uses instructions to assemble amino acids in the correct order. Transfer RNA: delivers amino acids to ribosomes to be assembled into proteins.

VIII. Structure of DNA/RNA: