DNA, RNA and Genes Science 10 – 2017/18 Mrs. Day

DNA - Review What is DNA made of? How is DNA put together? Just remember – SPBHSL S = ______________ P = ______________ B = ______________ H = _____________ L = ______________

DNA - Review What is DNA’s function? DNA:

DNA and Genes How are DNA and genes related? ____________is tightly wound up strands of DNA.

DNA and Genes How are DNA and genes related? Genes are a section of DNA. The sequence of DNA that codes for a protein = ______. __________ have many functions, one is to determine the traits of an organism.

How does DNA make proteins? DNA, a double stranded molecule is TOO BIG to leave the nucleus. _________ make proteins - in the cytoplasm of the cell. So … how does DNA and genes make proteins? The protein message must be carried from the nucleus -> ___________ -> ribosomes

Transcription: In the nucleus Protein Synthesis Transcription: In the nucleus RNA makes a copy of the gene information on the DNA RNA is like DNA except: RNA is _______ stranded RNA is ______, not helical RNA contains Ribose, not deoxyribose sugar RNA bases are A, C, G, U (Uracil replaces thymine RNA is like a _________copy of a segment of DNA. A copy of a single gene.

Translation – in the cytoplasm: As the RNA molecule is a single strand, it is smaller than ______ – so it can leave the nucleus and go into the cytoplasm Once in the cytoplasm, the RNA and ribosomes bind together. The _________ reads the RNA code. The RNA code tells the cell what amino acids to bring to the ribosome. __________ _______ are the building blocks to make proteins. Remember – the RNA code has all the information to make a single gene. And, a gene is the code for a specific protein. This process is complicated. You will learn it in more detail biology 12.

In Summary – turning DNA information into proteins is a 2 step process: Step 2 - Translation:

In Summary Genes are a section of DNA. The sequence of DNA that codes for a protein = a gene. _____________: RNA makes a copy of the gene in the nucleus RNA takes the information to the cytoplasm __________: In the cytoplasm, RNA binds to a ribosome. The ribosome reads the RNA code and the cell brings the required amino acids to build the specific protein (or gene). __________ and __________ determine the traits of an organism.