- And its affect on Protein synthesis Mutations - And its affect on Protein synthesis

Application Learning Outcome B8 -2 It is expected that students will: - use examples to explain how mutations in DNA change the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain and as result may lead to genetic disorders.

Definitions mutation:

Types – Frameshift Mutation One or more nucleotides is ___________________from the DNA Example: TAC GGT TAG, insert C into the 4th spot: TAC CGG TTA G The original DNA coded for which amino acids? DNA: TAC GGT TAG mRNA: amino acids: The mutated DNA now codes for which amino acids? DNA: TAC CGG TTA G animo acids:

Types – Point Mutations a _______________________________within the sequence Example: TAC CCA,GAC replace 2nd A with a C TAC CCC,GAC The original DNA coded for which amino acids? DNA TAC CCA,GAC mRNA: amino acids: The mutated DNA now codes for which amino acids? DNA: TAC CCC,GAC animo acids:

Question- Gene Mutation What effect does changing the amino acids have on the protein product? Changes _____________. Since shape determines ______________, it alters how the protein will function.

Proteins: Shape determines Function!

Question - Gene Mutation Which has the potential for the most damage, frameshift mutations or point mutations? And why?

Application Learning Outcome B8 - 1 It is expected that students will: - give examples of two environmental mutagens that can cause mutations in humans.

Definitions Mutagens Brainstorm a list Here are some examples: