Macromolecules

Macromolecule Foldable Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Macromolecules

Carbohydrates Elements: C, H, O Building blocks (monomers) monosaccharides (small rings)

Types, Function & Structure Types/Structure Role/ Function Monosaccharide (glucose, fructose) Immediate energy, Can be absorbed by organism with out being broken down Disaccharide (sucrose, lactose) Quick energy, has to be broken down into monosaccharides before it can be used. Polysaccharide (starch,cellulose) Longer term energy in animals. Structure in plants (cellulose) glucose

Structure Monosaccharides Polysacchrides

Lipids Elements: Building blocks (monomers) Types: Function: C, H, O Building blocks (monomers) 1 glycerol 3 fatty acids Types: Saturated Unsaturated Phospholipids Function: Long term energy (fat in animals, insulation) Long term energy (water proof coating) Part of cell membranes Real life examples: Animal fat (butter) Oils from plants (corn, olive, sunflower)

lipids

Long term energy Structure Cell membrane structure

Proteins Elements: Building blocks (monomers) C, H, O, N Building blocks (monomers) Amino acids Types: 20 different amino acids Function: Structure in animals (muscle) Chemical Proteins (enzymes) Hormones Real life examples: Muscle, skin, hair, nails Enzymes Insulin

Lots of different shapes!

Structure…. Only has C, H, O, N!!!

Nucleic Acids Elements: Building blocks (monomers) Function: C,H,O,N,P P=phosphorus Building blocks (monomers) Nucleotides (3 parts) Phosphate Sugar Nitrogenous base Types Deoxyribonucleic acid Ribonucleic acid Function: Stores and transfers important information (heredity) Real life examples: DNA RNA

Structure O O=P-O N CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 Phosphate Group Nitrogenous base #1 O O=P-O Phosphate Group N Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T) CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 5 Sugar (deoxyribose) #3 #2

DNA - double helix P O 1 2 3 4 5 P O 1 2 3 4 5 G C T A

Let’s Review!

What is the function? Carbohydrates? Lipids? Immediate energy Long term energy Cell membrane structure

What is the function? Proteins Nucleic Acids Functions of the body (chemical reactions) Structure of the body (hair, skin, nails) Nucleic Acids Stores and transfers our heredity (genes)

Name the organic compounds

Can you guess the structure? Lipids

Can you guess the structure? Nucleic Acid = nucleotide

Can you guess the structure? Carbohydrate = polysaccharide

Can you guess the structure? Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Protein