NUCLEIC ACIDS & NUCLEOTIDES

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.1 Chapter 21 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 21.1 Components of.

Advertisements

25.1 DNA, Chromosomes, and Genes When a cell is not dividing, its nucleus is occupied by chromatin, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), twisted around organizing.

Biomacromolecules Pt III: Nucleic Acids. Nucleic acids Linear polymers made up of monomers called nucleotides. They are of critical importance to the.

Nucleic Acids Hereditary Material. Nucleic Acids VI. nucleic acids transmit hereditary information by determining what proteins a cell makes A. two classes.

Nucleic Acids. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Concept 5.5: Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information.

Nucleic Acids and DNA Replication. 1. What is the role of nucleic acid? 2. What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? 3. The monomer of a nucleic acid is.

BackBack Next Next CLOSE WINDOW.

3.3 DNA Structure –

Family Resemblances Why do siblings often look alike?

Chapter 22 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Biology 107 Macromolecules III September 10, 2002.

DNA. Nucleic Acids Informational polymers Made of C,H,O,N and P No general formula Examples: DNA and RNA.

WALT - To understand the structure of DNA as a polymer of nucleotides To understand the differences between DNA and RNA To understand the base pair ruling.

D.N.A. DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

From DNA to Protein. Knowledge of Nucleic Acid Chemistry Is Essential to the Understanding of DNA Structure.

5 pts. 1. What is the micromolcule of nucleic acids?

Macromolecules Part IV: Nucleic Acids Informational molecules.

The nucleic acids include the amazing DNA molecule. It is the source of constancy and variation among species, and is the foundation for the unity and.

Nucleic Acids. What you need to know! See Carbon Notes.

Biochemistry Unit.  Nucleic acids direct the growth and development of every living organism. Included in this group is DNA, RNA, and ATP. As well, the.

Nucleic Acids DNA, RNA, ATP. DNA – Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid Function: Codes for genetic material/instructions Production: Located on chromosomes in the.

Structure Made of C, H, O, N, P What is the monomer for Nucleic Acids? Nucleotides! DNA – Double stranded (Double Helix) RNA – Single stranded.

AP Biology Nucleic Acids Information storage proteins DNA Nucleic Acids  Function:  genetic material  stores information  genes  blueprint for building.

Nucleic Acids. Nucleic acids are large biomolecules (polymers) – essential for all known forms of life Include DNA and RNA Made from long strands of nucleotides.

Chapter 4 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Nucleic Acid.

Page 47.  Chemical Composition  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus  Monomer  Nucleotide Sugar Phosphate Nitrogen base.

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids. Nucleic Acids Made from long strands of nucleotides (monomers) Nucleic acids are large biomolecules (polymers) – essential for all known.

DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid

THE MOLECULE BASIS OF INHERITANCE

Nucleic Acids Objective:

Nucleic acid Dr. Sahar Al Shabane.

DNA DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double stranded a-helix

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids DNA, RNA, ATP.

Nucleic Acids DNA, RNA, ATP.

Lecture 10: Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)

Nucleic Acids Information storage

Nucleic Acids Individual unit called a (mono)nucleotide

DNA Structure 2.6 & 7.1.

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Nucleic Acids Section 3.5.

DNA: The Molecule of Life

Reminder-four classes of large biomolecules

Nucleic Acids 1 1.

Reminder-four main classes of large biomolecules

Reminder-we recognize four classes of large biomolecules

Biological Molecules – DNA & RNA

DNA and RNA Structure and Function

NUCLEIC ACIDS THERE ARE TWO DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)

Information Storage and Energy Transfer

DNA & RNA Notes Unit 3.

Concept 5.5: Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information

Biology, 9th ed,Sylvia Mader

Part III: Nucleic Acids

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Nucleic Acids Store and transfer genetic information

5. Nucleic acids Lecture 1.

Lesson 8 Nucleic Acids.

Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)

Presentation transcript:

NUCLEIC ACIDS & NUCLEOTIDES

Learning Objectives State the role of nucleic acids. State the composition and functions of nucleic acids. State that nucleotides are composed of pentose sugar, bases and phosphate group. Explain the structure of DNA. Explain the secondary structure of RNA. Describe the functions of nucleic acid. Explain the nucleotides of biological importance.

What are Nucleic Acids ? Polymers or macromolecules present in all living cells. Fundamental components of nucleic acids: pyrimidine & purine bases, pentose sugars (ribose and 2 deoxyribose) and phosphoric acid.

Essential Components of all viruses…

What are Nucleic Acids ? Main function: storage, transmission & use of genetic information Each chromosome is made up of long strand of DNA: 30,000 genes in 23 pairs chromosomes

DNA: Carrier of genetic information RNA: Transmits genetic information from DNA to protein-forming system of the cell

Pyrimidines of Nucleic Acids Contain six membered ring with 2 nitrogen atoms 3 Major Pyrimidines found in Human: Cytosine Uracil Thymine

Purines of Nucleic Acids Consist of pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring

NUCLEOSIDES NITROGEN BASE + SUGAR HETEROCYCLIC NITROGENOUS BASE + GLYCOSIDIC CARBON OF A SUGAR = NUCLEOSIDE IF SUGAR IS RIBOSE = RIBONUCLEOSIDE OR RIBOSIDE DEOXYRIBOSE = DEOXYRIBOSIDE

NUCLEOTIDES IS A PHOSPHATE ESTER OF NUCLEOSIDE NITROGEN BASE + SUGAR + PHOSPHATE IS A PHOSPHATE ESTER OF NUCLEOSIDE E.g. Adenine 5’ deoxyribotide Monomeric unit of nucleic acids

Monomer undergo HYDROLYSIS NUCLEOTIDES Monomer undergo HYDROLYSIS Phosphoric acid molecule Nitrogen containing ring compound Pentose

NUCLEOTIDES: on the basis of hydrolysis 2 Types of Nucleic Acids D-2 deoxyribose (DNA) Found in cells as the major component of the chromosomes of the nucleus Chloroplasts of green plants Mitochondria Viruses D-ribose (RNA) Ribosomal RNA (ribosomes) Soluble RNA RNA messenger Found in cytoplasm

STRUCTURE OF DNA DNA chain consists of 2 strands of polynucleotide chains Coiled around each other in the form of double helix Nucleotides of DNA- connected by phosphate ester bonds (form the backbone of each DNA strand) The Base of one strand of DNA – bound by strong hydrogen bonds.

STRUCTURE OF DNA

The Base of one strand of DNA – bound by strong hydrogen bonds. STRUCTURE OF DNA The Base of one strand of DNA – bound by strong hydrogen bonds.

SECONDARY STRUCTURE OF RNA FREE RNA occurs as s single polyribotide chain lacking a fixed secondary structure. Each chain is free to fold back upon itself many times in numerous ways.

FUNCTIONS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS REPLICATION (DNA) PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (RNA) Cell divides Genetic information contained in bases such as A, T, G and C RNA has only one strand and does not replicate

NUCLEOTIDES OF BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Integral component of nucleic acids Adenosine nucleotide coenzymes: AMP, ADP, ATP ATP are body’s energy compounds. Involved in various metabolic process: storage & release of energy from their phosphate bonds. ADP & AMP: transfer agents for the phosphate group (oxidative phosphorylation).

NUCLEOTIDES OF BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE 6. ATP: sources of high energy phosphates 7. Cyclic AMP: involved in the activation of phosphorylation 8. Coenzyme A: required for a number of metabolic reactions in which organic acids are involved.