Ch 1 Intro to types of Chemistry Organic-study of all chemicals containing carbon Inorganic-chemicals not containing carbon Analytical-composition of matter Physical- mechanism, rate, energy transfer of matter undergoing change Biochemistry- study of processes taking place with organisms

Chemistry Applications Macro- (seen) vs Micro- (need aid to see) Energy: Conservation,Production, Storage See chemistry in: Medicine- medicines, materials, technology Biotechnology-production of biological products/ processes Agriculture-develop more productive crops, safer/effective ways to protect crops Environment- identify and prevent pollutants Universe- gather data and bring it back to Earth

Thinking Like a Scientist History: chemistry came from alchemy Alchemists developed tools and techniques for working with chemicals Lavisier transformed science with creation of balance Manipulated (independent) vs Dependent (responding variable) Scientific method: observations, making hypothesis, experimentation, developing theories/laws, communicating findings Collaboration- working together/ sharing ideas

Properties of Matter Depends on amount of matter; mass and volume Depends on the type of matter the object is made of; hardness Identical intensive properties/ same composition Solids, liquids, gases (vapor if gas at room temp.) Properties change but material does not; boil, condense, split, cut Extensive Properties Intensive Properties Substance States of matter Physical changes

Elements and Compounds Element simplest form with chem properties; compound 1+ elements Change that also changes the composition of matter; break chem bonds Substance has fixed composition; mixture the composition varies; Represent elements Chemical formulas represent compounds Element vs Compound Chemical changes Substance vs mixture Chemical symbols

Mixtures Types of mixtures? Solutions vs suspensions Separating Mixtures? Heterogeneous: “ingredients” or many parts to composition Homogeneous: composition uniform; aka solution Solution: solute “dissapears” but takes up space; Suspension: non-dissolved material Use physical properties to separate Filtration: separate solid from liquid Distillation: boil liquid, condense to liquid with removed impurities

Distinguishing Elements Atomic Number- # p+ Mass Number- #p+ and neutrons # neutrons= mass # - atomic # Isotopes- diff # neutrons (diff mass #’s!!) Atomic Mass Unit (amu)-1/12 of mass of 1 carbon-12 atom Atomic Mass- weighted avg atomic mass naturally occurring Periodic Table Period: rows, pattern of properties as move across Group: columns, have similar chem/phys properties (family)

Metals/ nonmetals/ metalloids: *Metal:80% elements are metals; properties include good conductors, reflect light because of high luster/ sheen, ductile (make wires), malleable (hammer into shape) *Nonmetal: properties opposite of metals; poor conductors of heat/ electric currents *Metalloids: has properties of both based on conditions element is under