Straight-Line Depreciation Most assets lose their value over time. In other words, they depreciate, and must be replaced once their useful life is reached. There are several accounting methods that are used to determine an asset’s depreciation expense over the period of its useful life. The most common method of depreciation is the straight-line method in which the same amount is expensed each year.

Straight-Line Depreciation Straight-line depreciation is calculated by dividing the differences of the purchase price and the salvage value by the years of useful life. Annual depreciation = (purchase price - salvage value) / years of useful life

Straight-Line Depreciation Example 1: You started a small business and rent an office. You furnish the office with $25,000 worth of office furniture. The useful life of the furniture is 5 years and the salvage value is $5,000. Make a straight-line depreciation schedule showing the depreciation you are to expense each year. Annual Depreciation = ($25,000 - $5,000)/5 = $4,000

Straight-Line Depreciation Year Value before Depreciation Depreciation Value after Depreciation 1 $25,000 $4,000 $21,000 2 $17,000 3 $13,000 4 $9,000 5 $5,000

Double Declining-Balance Depreciation Whereas straight-line depreciation uses the same amount of depreciation each year, double declining-balance depreciation uses the same rate of depreciation each year.

Double Declining-Balance Depreciation To find the rate for double declining-balance depreciation, divide 2 by the years of useful life. Annual rate of decrease = 2 / years of useful life To find the depreciation, multiply this rate by the current value.

Double Declining-Balance Depreciation Example 2: Make a double declining-balance depreciation schedule for the office furniture in example 1. Annual rate of depreciation = 2/5 = 40%

Double Declining-Balance Depreciation Year Value before Depreciation Depreciation Value after Depreciation 1 $25,000 $10,000 $15,000 2 $6,000 $9,000 3 $3,600 $5,400 4 $400 $5,000 5 $0 Note: 0.4($25,000) = $10,000 The value of $400 must be adjusted so that the value after depreciation does not go below the salvage value.

Sum of the Years-Digits Depreciation A third commonly used depreciation method is the sum of the years-digits method. Like double declining-balance depreciation, this method expenses more of the purchase price in the early years.

Sum of the Years-Digits Depreciation For sum of the year-digits depreciation, the depreciation rate for year k using a useful life of n years is given by dividing (n + 1 - k) by the sum of the years of useful life digits. Depreciation = (n + 1 - k) / sum of the years of useful life digits Rate for year k To find the depreciation, multiply this rate by the difference between the purchase price and the salvage value.

Sum of the Years-Digits Depreciation Example 3: You open a pizza shop and buy 2 delivery vans for $30,000 each. Make a sum of the years-digits depreciation schedule using a useful life of 5 years and a salvage value of $7,500 each. The sum of the years digits is 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15 1st year Rate 2nd year Rate 3rd year Rate 4th year Rate 5th year Rate 5/15 4/15 3/15 2/15 1/15 Note: The numbers in red are always in reverse order.

Sum of the Years-Digits Depreciation Note: $15,000 = (5/15)(60,000 - 15,000) $12,000 = (4/15)(60,000 - 15,000)

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Straight-Line Depreciation Example 4: You started a small business and rent an office. You furnish the office with $25,000 worth of office furniture. The useful life of the furniture is 7 years and the salvage value is $4,000. Make a straight-line depreciation schedule showing the depreciation you are to expense each year.

Straight-Line Depreciation Example 4: You started a small business and rent an office. You furnish the office with $25,000 worth of office furniture. The useful life of the furniture is 7 years and the salvage value is $4,000. Make a straight-line depreciation schedule showing the depreciation you are to expense each year. Annual Depreciation = ($25,000 - $4,000)/7 = $3,000

Straight-Line Depreciation

Double Declining-Balance Depreciation Example 5: Make a double declining-balance depreciation schedule for the office furniture in example 1 using a useful life of 7 years and a salvage value of $4,000.

Double Declining-Balance Depreciation Example 5: Make a double declining-balance depreciation schedule for the office furniture in example 1 using a useful life of 7 years and a salvage value of $4,000. Annual rate of depreciation = 2/7 = 28.5714285714%

Double Declining-Balance Depreciation Year Value Before Depreciation Depreciation Value After Depreciation 1 $25,000 $7,142.86 $17,857.14 2 $5,102.04 $12,755.10 3 $3,644.31 $9,110.79 4 $2,603.08 $6,507.71 5 $1,859.35 $4,648.36 6 $648.36 $4,000.00 7 $4,000 $0

Sum of the Years-Digits Depreciation Example 6: You open a pizza shop and buy 2 delivery vans for $30,000 each. Make a sum of the years-digits depreciation schedule using a useful life of 4 years and a salvage value of $7,500 each.

Sum of the Years-Digits Depreciation Example 6: You open a pizza shop and buy 2 delivery vans for $30,000 each. Make a sum of the years-digits depreciation schedule using a useful life of 4 years and a salvage value of $7,500 each. The sum of the years digits is 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 1st year Rate 2nd year Rate 3rd year Rate 4th year Rate 4/10 3/10 2/10 1/10

Sum of the Years-Digits Depreciation Example 6: You open a pizza shop and buy 2 delivery vans for $30,000 each. Make a sum of the years-digits depreciation schedule using a useful life of 4 years and a salvage value of $7,500 each. Year Value Before Depreciation Depreciation Value After Depreciation 1 $60,000 $18,000 $42,000 2 $13,500 $28,500 3 $9,000 $19,500 4 $4,500 $15,000