Bacteria Reduction Through Bucket and Soil Treatment Donovan Davis, Morgan Green, Catherine Nguyen, Donavan Thomas

Coliforms & E. coli Coliforms Rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-spore forming Present in plants, soil material, and the digestive systems of animals. Escherichia coli Is the major species within the fecal coliform group Most varieties are harmless; pathogenic strains can cause diarrhea, cramping, nausea, and vomiting Typically used as an indicator of water contamination https://dgelsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/bacteria-with-flagella-300x292.png Ferments lactose with acid and gas production at 35°C Importance of coliforms within this program, i.e. wh y we need to know about them...why they’ dre good bad etc. Coliforms: indicate of feces in water or sewage, disease causing potential and E. coli is a sub group of the fecal coliform group.

RELLIS Raw Sewage Membrane Reactor Ozone Low-Tech Options Cap DI How were samples obtained Tertiary Treatment Systems https://agrilifecdn.tamu.edu/ossf/files/2015/05/WaterQualityFellowshipProgram-748x494.jpg

Membrane Bioreactors Combines activated sludge with microfiltration Water is pushed through fine membranes Particles larger than 0.4 microns are removed from water This includes most bacteria

Gravity Water Filters (Bucket) Main driving force behind filtration is gravity. GHT 5 filter units are rated for 3000 gallons Same components as filter systems in space (NASA technology) Up to log₁₀7 removal of contaminants Bacteria and viruses Heavy metals (lead, arsenic, chlorine) Purifies through adsorption Flows extremely slowly Filters ~7 gallons/day

Subsurface Drip Fields A drip field consists of drip tubing placed along the contour to form a run of tubing. Runs connected directly to the supply and return manifold form a “ladder” drip zone. Individual runs looped together form a lateral Tubing operates at 15-70 psi Subsurface Drip field contained a heavy clay layout making infiltration low. Drip Irrigation Systems, Polyethylene Tubing, Fertilizer Injectors, and Sprinkler Systems are one of the numerous equipment used to spare water and increment fertilizer efficiency.

Bucket vs Soil Bucket Filtration Economy (<$100, 3000 gal) Portability Reliability Field Drip System Volume Flexibility Durability

Coliform Reduction by Treatment Talk about how data was collected (from heep or aquatech) @ heep-

Percent Reduction by Treatment

Coliform Reduction by Distance (Drip) 0 ft-ssat 3 2-ssat 4 4- ssat 5 6- ssat 6

Summary Both soil treatment and bucket systems were effective in removing coliforms from effluent. Coliform counts decreased as SSAT distance from drip field increased E. coli was not present in samples taken from SSAT Bucket treatment was most effective at removing coliforms overall E. coli still present in treated water Both systems self sustain, require minimal human interference Bucket filter units are self sterilizing, easily cleaned Subsurface drip fields can be maintained as necessary

References https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/general/index.html http://www.greenhitechs.com/portable-gravity-water-purification-system.html https://extension2.missouri.edu/eq401 https://www.marlinw.com/upcoming-industry-events/2017/11/7/install-330- innovations-in-wastewater

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