Identify: Treaty of Tordesillas

“Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt” Chapter 29 “Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt”

Progressive Movement Starts at beginning of 1900s Goal: use the government to improve human welfare Fought against: monopolies, corruption, inefficiency, and social injustice

Literature/Media Wealth Against Commonwealth: critical of Standard Oil How the Other Half Lives: Jacob Riis

“Muckrakers” Term coined by TR Reform-minded journalists, exposed corruption and scandal Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair

Political Progressivism Mainly middle-class men and women 2 goals: Use state power to control trusts Improve common people’s life and labor

Political Progressives More power for people Initiative Referendum Direct election of US senators

17th Amendment 1913 Established the direct election of US senators

Progressive Women Club movement Women’s Trade Union League Women’s Christian Temperance Union

TR’s Square Deal Believed in Progressive reforms Square Deal Program: 1. control of the corporations 2. consumer protection 3. conservation of natural resources

1902: Coal Miners Strike PA 20% raise, 9 hour workday Roosevelt steps in: 10% pay raise, 9 hr workday

Department of Commerce, 1903 Created to regulate disagreements between workers and management

“Trustbuster” Hepburn Act- 1906 (expanded ICA) 1902: Northern Securities Company (railroad trust, TR broke it up)

Food Safety The Jungle

Food Safety Meat Inspection Act, 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 (labels)

Environmental Reforms Desert Land Act- 1887 Forest Reserve Act- 1891: national parks 1900: Roosevelt set aside 125 million acres of land in federal reserves “multiple-use resource management”: sustainably use federal land for recreation, logging, cattle grazing, etc

Roosevelt Wins election in 1904 Publicly stated he would not run again

Roosevelt Panic of 1907 Short economic downturn Aldrich-Vreeland Act- 1908- allowed banks to issue emergency currency in the event of a shortage

Roosevelt as President Enlarged powers of presidency Shaped progressive movement conservation

William Jennings Bryan- D (P) Election of 1908 William Howard Taft- R William Jennings Bryan- D (P)

Taft wins “a round peg in a square hole” Not the best leader

Dollar Diplomacy Encouraged Americans to invest in areas of strategic interest to the US

Taft the Trustbuster 90 lawsuits against trusts in 4 yrs (Roosevelt: 44 in 7 yrs) 1911: Supreme Court dissolves Standard Oil Ruling: “a trust was illegal if it unreasonably restrained trade”

Taft splits Republicans Signed Payne-Aldrich Bill High tariff on imports anger

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair Taft strong conservationist Fired Forestry chair: Gifford Pinchot 1910: republicans furious with Taft

1911: National Progressive Republican League Roosevelt runs for election on their ticket Taft runs on the regular Republican ticket