Chapter 2: Antacids

Introductory Activity – Part 1 Fill a film canister about half-full with room temperature water. Place about a quarter of a tablet of Alka-Seltzer ® in the canister and quickly push the top on. Stand back and observe. This is called an “Alka-Seltzer ® cannon.” In your lab group, brainstorm all of the chemistry involved in this process. What chemistry would you need to learn about to understand what’s happening? Share your brainstorming with the class.

Introductory Activity – Part 2 List everything you know about acids and bases. Where have you used them or come in contact with them in your life? Explain what you understand about antacids. Share your ideas with the class.

Antacids This chapter will introduce the chemistry needed to understand how antacids work Section 2.1: Types of Matter Section 2.2: Naming Chemicals Section 2.3: Writing Formulas Section 2.4: Acids & Bases Section 2.5: Characteristics of Acids & Bases Section 2.6: Chemical Reactions Section 2.7: Balancing Chemical Equations Section 2.8: Speeding up Chemical Reactions

Balanced Chemical Equations Antacids Are a Chemical Formulas Mixture Used in Symbolized with Balanced Chemical Equations Of different Compounds Symbolized with undergo Some are Chemical Reactions Acids & Bases Collision Theory Speed governed by

Intro—Antacids

Why do we need antacids? Your body needs hydrochloric acid to digest food Too much causes heartburn, ulcers and can damage your esophagus

Antacids versus Acid Inhibitors There are two types of medicines you can use Antacids Acid Inhibitors Neutralizes the acid currently in your system Controls the amount of acid your body produces Work quickly but your body will make more acid again Long-term solution, but needs to build up in your system to be most effective Alka-Seltzer ®, Rolaids ®, Tums ®, Malox ®, Mylanta ® Tagamat ®, Zantac ®, Pepcid AC ® Is it fair when a commercial compares the fast action of an antacid to an acid inhibitor that takes up to 7 days to build up?

Section 2.1—Types of Matter

Matter can be classified

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Anything made from atoms Examples: Molecules Cells People Air Water

Pure Substances versus Mixtures Matter is classified as either a pure substance or a mixture Pure Substances Mixtures Every piece of matter is the same More than one type of matter mixed together

Elements versus Compounds Pure substances are either elements or compounds Elements Compound Every atom is the same type of atom More than one type of atom chemically bonded together. Every molecule is the same.

Elements can be found on the periodic table! Single Atom Cannot be separated by chemical or physical processes Element Pure substance Every atom is the same Elements can be found on the periodic table!

Every molecule is the same Compounds Single Molecule Made of more than one type of atom bonded together Compound Pure substance Every molecule is the same Can be separated by chemical reactions only

Mixtures Homogeneous Heterogeneous (aka “solution”) Mixtures can be classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous Homogeneous (aka “solution”) Heterogeneous It looks the same throughout Different matter can be seen (chunks, bubbles, floaties, layers, etc.)

Physical combination of more than 1 type of pure substance Mixtures >1 different type of matter Can be separated chemically or physically Mixture Not a pure substance Physical combination of more than 1 type of pure substance

Your turn Come up with 6 different mixtures Mixtures can be any combination of solids, liquids and gases: Solid-solid: Solid-gas: Solid-liquid: Liquid-liquid: Gas-Liquid: Gas-Gas:

Mixture possibilities Mixtures can be any combination of solids, liquids and gases: Solid-solid: Medicine tablet Solid-gas: Pop Rocks candy Solid-liquid: Ice water Liquid-liquid: Lemon water Gas-Liquid: Carbonated water Gas-Gas: Air

True solutions, Colloids & Suspensions Particles don’t settle out and are too small to scatter light Particles don’t settle out but are large enough to scatter light Particles will settle out over time Dissolved Particle Size Increases

Particles Scattering Light If the dissolved particles are large enough to scatter light, we say it exhibits the “Tyndall Effect” Solution Light passes through unchanged Colloids exhibit the Tyndall Effect Light is scattered by larger solute particles

Connect these concepts with Antacids What type of matter do you think antacids are? Pure substance (Element or compound) Mixture (homogeneous or heterogeneous)

Connect these concepts with Antacids Antacids are mixtures. They contain active & inactive ingredients What purposes could the inactive ingredients serve?

Connect these concepts with Antacids Inactive ingredients might Add enough volume to make the pill able to be handeled Add color Add flavor Allow the tablet to be compressed and formed

Let’s Practice Example: Tin foil Determine if each is element, compound, homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures Tin foil Copper pipe Concrete Carbon tetrachloride Sports drink

Let’s Practice Example: Determine if each is element, compound, homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures Tin foil Element Copper pipe Element Concrete Heterogeneous mix Carbon tetrachloride Compound Sports drink Homogenous mix