Welcome to U.S. History Sept. 30, 2013 Bellringer: How far along are you on your essays? They are due by Midnight. Turn in Hispanic Heritage Essay Agenda: Mercantilism, Enlightenment and Great Awakening Homework: N/A

Thought Questions: Mercantilism Video: http://www. youtube. com/watch Based on the video, what is mercantilism? Why are colonies important in a mercantilist system?

Efforts to Control Trade: Mercantilism Mercantilism: Belief that a nation must increase its wealth and power in the following ways… Stockpile Gold and Silver “Favorable” balance of trade-increasing exports (selling) and limiting imports (buying) Create Colonies Colonies can provide cheap raw materials Colonies can provide a market Mercantilist Policies were designed to make sure that trade involving America benefitted England

Mercantilism causes Britain to pass the Navigation Acts Examples of Navigation Acts: Navigation Acts of 1650—all trade had to be conducted on English (or American) ships Navigation Acts of 1660—Ship crews had to be ¾ English (or American) certain products (tobacco, sugar, etc) could only be shipped to England Navigation Acts of 1663—Certain goods that were being shipped to the colonies from other countries had to be shipped to England first The Navigation Acts were difficult to enforce. Many colonists continued to smuggle goods to other countries. Britain ignored smuggling as long as colonists were MOSTLY loyal to Britain… this was called Salutary Neglect?

Thought Question: Mercantilism What is mercantilism? How could mercantilism help cause the American Revolution? (Hint: who does mercantilism benefit most?) How could the British policy of “Salutary Neglect” help cause the American Revolution?

Colonial Culture: Enlightenment Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin were strongly influence by Enlightenment thinkers. Before the Enlightenment: Old Ideas After the Enlightenment: New Ideas Applied superstition to solve difficult questions. “It’s god’s will.” Devine right of the King: the king has the right to rule because god made him King Religious persecution Only one branch of government (King) Applied reason and logic to solve difficult questions about politics, society, science, and religion Locke—contract theory of government, individuals have “natural rights” (life, liberty, property) Voltaire—religious toleration Montesquieu—three branches of government Rousseau—social contract (democracy, sort of)

Thought Questions: Enlightenment Who were two American thinkers who were influenced by the enlightenment? How democratic are Enlightenment ideas? How could Enlightenment ideas cause the American Revolution?

Colonial Culture: Religion Problems for religion in the 18th century Religion was once king, not so much by the 1700’s Materialism wore away at religious devotion Salem Witch Trials Half-Way Covenant Enlightenment led people to become even less devoted Deism—belief in God, but don’t believe in any one particular religion, God doesn’t take an active role in the daily happenings of the world (watchmaker God) Stage was set for a religious revival: Great Awakening http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-first-great- awakening-religious-revival-and-american- independence.html

Great Awakening: Thought Questions http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-first- great-awakening-religious-revival-and-american- independence.html What was the Great Awakening? How did it change religion in America?

Great Awakening: 1730’s-1740’s Major religious revival Began in New England Jonathan Edwards, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” George Whitefield More emotional than previous religious movements Decreased participation in British churches (like Church of England and the Puritan Church). Increased participation in American evangelical churches (like Baptist Church) Spread throughout the colonies

Thought Questions: Great Awakening What was the Great Awakening? How could the Great Awakening lead to the American Revolution?