INTRODUCING PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTER ONE

PSYCHOLOGY *Scientific study of typical/everyday behaivor and mental processes that is tested through systematic research It explains Learning -Remembering Communication -Relating to others Attempts to understand, measure, and explain the nature of intelligence, motivation, and personality blind men & the elephant story

GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY *Describe, explain, predict, change/influence Description- gather info about behavior and present conclusions Explanation- explain why people behave as they do Prediction- predict (from knowledge) what people will think or feel in different situations Influence- influence behaviors in helpful ways *Basic science-research for its own sake *Applied science- use psychological findings to solve immediate problems All accomplished using the scientific method

Question 1 Imagine that you are a psychologist and a patient has arrived at your office to discuss their problem (shyness). Using the four goals of psychology, outline a possible plan to help the patient. Your plan should meet all the goals.

History of Psychology- Historical Approaches

HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY- THE BEGINNINGS GREEKS- studied behavior; people are rational FOUR HUMORS- Hippocrates; an imbalance of the humors (phlegm, blood, black bile, yellow bile) caused sickness RENAISSANCE- experimentation through observation 17th CENTURY PHILOSOPHERS- Descartes introduces *dualism (mind and body are separate)

Historical Approaches

HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY *Wilhem Wundt- considered the father of Psychology and 1st pscyhologist Structuralism- focus on the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences 1st psych lab founded in 1879 in Germany Introspection- a method of self- observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings

FUNCTIONALISM *William James- introduced Functionalism 1st American-born psychologist How do organisms use their perceptual abilities to function and adapt to their environments (*the function of consciousness) For example: When we repeat something, our nervous system changes and each reptitition is easier than the last

BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY *Definition- analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment *Ivan Pavlov

BEHAVIORISM *John B. Watson- studied only observable and measurable behavior Based on Pavlov’s experiments “Little Albert” experiment *B.F. Skinner-studied conditioning, the concept of reinforcement, written in Walden Two

GESTALT *Gestalt- studied how people perceive and experience objects as whole patterns

PSYCHODYNAMIC/PSYCHOANALYTIC *Sigmund Freud- most famous psychologist Introduced the idea that we are motivated by unconscious instincts and urges Sex and aggression Unaware of our true motives 1st to have patients lie on a couch and speak freely aobut their thoughts

HUMANISTIC *Realization of human potential Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow Focuses on Nonverbal experience The unity of mind Altered states of consciousness

INHERITABLE TRAITS *Sir Francis Galton- introduces idea of inheritable traits Heredity influences a person’s abilities, character, and behavior Started the nature (inheritable traits) versus nurture (environmental influences) debate Question #2- What is your opinion on how much nature versus nurture influences a person’s development?

Contemporary (Modern) Approaches

COGNITIVE *Studies mental processes how we process, store, retrieve, and use information and how thought processes influence our behavior Thinking Feeling Learning Remembering Making judgements

*DEVELOPMENTAL Studies emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures Study children, elderly, and death Hand in hand with cognitive John Piaget

BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL *How physical and chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior *SOCIOCULTURAL *Influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on behavior and social functioning BIOPYSCHOSOCIAL Combines the three different approaches

Psychology as a Profession

Psychology vs. Psychiatry *PSYCHOLOGY studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals *PSYCHIATRY is a specialty of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders

Clinical and Counseling *Clinical & Counseling Clinical- diagnosis, cause, and treatment of disorders Counseling- “normal” problems of adjustment

EDUCATIONAL AND COMMUNITY Concerned with helping students learn, create different teaching methods *COMMUNITY Work in mental health or social welfare society

*Industrial and Organization Industrial and Organizational (I/O) Workplace Productivity Impacts of technology Female vs. male leadership

*Experimental EXPERIMENTAL Studies sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and/or emotion in carefully controlled lab conditions *APA= American Psychological Association

Other Other fields Developmental (also an approach) Rehabilitation Sports Forensic Environmental Peace

Question #3- What is the difference between psychology and psychiatry?

TUESDAY Approaches to Psychology graphic organizer ADD PICTURES

TUESDAY Create an advertisement for a psychology clinic. In the ad, describe the services of the types of psychologists that work at your clinic. You should include at least six types of psychologists, such as clinical, environmental, etc. Make sure to explain what each psychologist would offer to clients. When creating your ad, keep in mind the types of problems that people might want to bring to the clinic. You may want to create a magazine, newspaper, brochure, etc.

FRIDAY REVIEW- What is psychology? What is the difference between psychology and psychiatry? Name 2 historical approaches to psychology and 2 contemporary approaches to psychology. What are 3 different types of psychology professions?

FRIDAY Choose one field of psychology and research the education, experience, and qualities needed for a job in that field. Fields of psychology Clinical Counseling Developmental Educational In addition, choose a psychologist or important historical figure who has been in your chosen field of psychology. Write a 8-10 sentence biography of this psychologist. Community Industrial/organizational Experimental Rehabilitation Sports Present your findings in an informational pamphlet. Forensic Environmental Peace

EXTRA Create a chart that explains the differences in the study of psychology between Sigmund Freud and B.F. Skinner. Your chart should include motivations of behavior, reward structures, and procedures for diagnosis and treatment. You may illustrate your text with cartoons or drawings to clarify certain points