Biochemistry Chemistry of Life (2.1)

Element Chlorine (Cl)

Compound Sodium (Na) + Chlorine (Cl)  salt (NaCl)

CHNOPS = Life

Atoms & Subatomic particles

Electron orbitals Electrons circling the nucleus

Ions Differing number of electrons

Atoms found on a Periodic Table See the energy levels of electrons?

Molecule: Same element

Molecule: Different elements

Periodic Table of Elements Atomic Mass is shown on the bottom of each square Atomic Number is shown in the upper left corner

Elemental Oxygen How many protons in Oxygenatoms Elemental Oxygen How many protons in Oxygenatoms? How many neutrons in Oxygen atoms normally?

Isotopes Differing numbers of neutrons

Radioactive Isotopes

Potential Energy Energy of Position Which diver has more potential energy?

Potential “stored” energy of the electrons in the bond between Oxygen (O) and Hydrogen(H)

Kinetic Energy Energy of Movement

The “cloud” is created by moving (kinetic) electrons

Periodic Table of Elements Atomic Mass is shown on the bottom of each square Atomic Number is shown in the upper left corner

Period on a periodic table Period run horizontally, like sentences

Families on a periodic table Families run vertically, like columns

Covalent Bonds See the shared electrons between Carbon(C) and Hydrogen (H)?

Polar covalent bonding of water molecule See how each end(pole) has an electrical charge?

Structural Formula

Molecular Formula CH4 Methane gas 1 atom of Carbon & 4 atoms of Hydrogen

Ionic bonding See the electron being lost from Na and gained by Cl?

Ionic Compound Salt (NaCl)

Hydrogen Bonding See the positive Hydrogen (H) attracted to the negative Nitrogen (N)?

Chemical Reactions