America Enters WWII
Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor Dec 7, 1941 1941: General Hideki Tojo becomes PM of Japan Initial attempts at negotiation w/ US fall apart December 7, 1941 Surprise attack on US Navy’s main Pacific fleet Clip from America, Story of Us: WWII Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor Dec 7, 1941 America: Story of Us – WWII (Episode 10) Start at 1:48 Play until 10:00 (topics shift to industry// you see a car before cutting it off)
Results of Attack Heavy losses 2500 people Several battleships & destroyers disabled 160 aircraft destroyed US fleet took ~6 mo to recover BUT: most impt – aircraft carriers – at sea Results of Attack 7 heavy cruisers were out at sea and avoided detection by Japanese Only 3 battleships irreparable- USS Arizona, US Oklahoma, USS Utah US submarine bases also survived & fuel supplies/ maintenance facilities Nagumo (Japanese vice admiral commanding the attack) was too conservative cancelled 3rd wave of bombers, would not seek out aircraft carriers, turned back home b/c feared an American counterstrike
FDR- day that will live in infamy {speech} Dec 8, 1941: US declares war— FDR- day that will live in infamy {speech} https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lK8gYGg0dkE 5 mins clip
US Mobilizes for War 16 mil serve in military during war 300k Mexican-Am 25k Native Am 1 mil African- Am (mostly segr. units) Women’s Army Corps (WAC) – clerical work, truck drivers, lab techs, instructors, etc. US Mobilizes for War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lK8gYGg0dkE 5 mins clip
Jan 1942: War Production Board (WPB) peacetime -->> wartime Office of War Mobilization (OWM) supervises. “Production miracle” Massive defense spending ended Great Dep. 1944: US production = 2x all Axis nations Mobilizing Industry
Early Fighting in the Pacific Gen. Douglas MacArthur (command of US Army forces in Asia) Japan takes Wake, Guam, eventually US trapped on Philippines in long siege MacArthur ordered to leave May 1942: 75k Allied surrender Japanese troops force Bataan Death March of POWs Early Fighting in the Pacific Marched 55 miles up Bataan peninsula to railway that took them inland where they had to march 8 more miles Grueling journey…. More than 7k troops (American + Filipino) died on way After all of this there was a bit of a panic…. Japan primed to take over all of Pacific
May 1942: Japanese threatening New Guinea (launch pad for Austral.) 2-day inconclusive battle btwn J & US aircraft carriers… strategic victory for US J. called off attack Shift in momentum Hope in the Pacific