Bellringer: Read the primary document on your table and answer the questions on a piece of loose-leaf (15 minutes)

European Influence in Asia Most Asian countries were not affected by European arrivals (different from the Americas who were really affected) The Europeans participated in the economic and political systems of Asia rather than attempting to control it Trends: East Asia developed new political and social strengths while following isolation in response to global trends

The Asian-Sea Trading Network Conditions followed coastline Dominated by Muslim merchants no central control No military protection Arab zone glass, carpet, tapestries Indian zone Cotton textiles Chinese zone paper, porcelain, silk goods

European Influence In Southeast Asia After Vasco da Gama’s arrival in China/India Portugal tried to dominate the spice trade Too weak : lacked man power and ships to maintain control Dutch and English challenged their weak control and pushed Portugal out Dutch discovered that befriending the leadership allowed them more control of the trade England copied

Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 founded by Zhu Yuanzhang helps expel Mongols Takes name Hongwu, 1368 Mongols forced north of Great Wall Restoration of scholar-gentry high offices imperial schools restored civil service exam re-established

Ming Reforms Limit the power of the scholarly-gentry Abolished post of chief minister and gave himself the powers instead Official who failed at their job were publicly beaten Other reforms Took common wives Censored writings

Ming Reforms Improve lives of peasantry Problems: Public works to aid agriculture Opened new land Problems: Landlords gained more power-peasants forced to become landless laborers Con’t subordination of women (foot-binding) Draconian laws forced obedience (harsh punishments for simple crimesthink legalism

Ming Dynasty Imperial women vs. peasant women Con’t to be influential ( esp. w/ weak emperors) Taught to read and write Barred from official positions Status hinged on bearing male children Confined to household Only could gain independence by becoming a court entertainer

Ming Dyansty Age of Growth Architectual Growth Agricultural Growth Economic Chinese goods were in demand everywhere  merchants gained significant profits Architectual Growth Moved Capital to Beijing and built the Imperial “Forbidden City” Finished modern Great Wall of China Agricultural Growth Introduction of new American crops Examples? Contact with other civilizations Zhenge Expeditions Ended b/c too expensive

Ming China vs. European Expansion Zhenge’s expeditions were a result of an emperors curiosity and desire for personal greatness Scholarly gentry opposed expeditions b/c it dangered their leadership and was costly Small nations competing w/ eachother Important to increase national and independent wealth Christian leaders sought new converts Led to a Return to China Isolationism

Ming Decline Bad leadership Failure of public works caused starvation and rebellion along yellow river Corrupt landlords caused rebellions

Last Dynasty: Qing 1644-1911 Manchu seized control Leader Nurhaci economically stable grew to its largest size in history Growth in the arts and literacy Traded with the Dutch and Tea became main Chinese export Isolationism was continued and would cause China not to be able to keep up with European growth

Qing Dynasty Establishes control over Korea, Mongolia, China Manchus forbid intermarriage, study of Manchu language by Chinese, force Manchu hairstyles as sign of loyalty