Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis Protein RNA Cytoplasm Instructions = DNA Nucleus Building Blocks = Amino Acids Protein

RNA DNA RNA Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose Strands Double Single Bases Ribonucleic Acid DNA RNA Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose Strands Double Single Bases Thymine Uracil

RNA 3 Types: Messenger RNA (mRNA) Carries a copy of the protein building instructions from the nucleus (DNA) to the cytoplasm

Assembles amino acids into proteins RNA 3 Types: 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Assembles amino acids into proteins

Transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome RNA 3 Types: 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) Transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome

Monomers: Amino acids (20) Proteins Monomers: Amino acids (20) Order of the amino acids determines protein function

Protein Synthesis Protein RNA 1. Transcription 2. Translation Nucleus Cytoplasm Instructions = DNA RNA 1. Transcription Building Blocks = Amino Acids 2. Translation Protein

1. Transciption Copying DNA code to mRNA Location: Nucleus RNA Polymerase copies one strand of DNA to the mRNA

Codons are like words that make up sentence (amino acid sequence). Three consecutive nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid Start codon Stop codon: UAA UAG UGA Codons are like words that make up sentence (amino acid sequence).

Decoding mRNA (codons) into an amino acid sequence (protein) 2. Translation Decoding mRNA (codons) into an amino acid sequence (protein) Location: Cytoplasm

Translation 1. mRNA finds a ribosome 4. Ribosome forms bonds between amino acids 3. tRNA brings a specific amino acid 5. tRNA will be released Codon links to Amoeba sisters video 6. Ribosome will continue until it reaches a stop codon 2. Complementary tRNA reads codon 1. mRNA finds a ribosome

Protein Synthesis DNA:TACATGCAGTTCATC mRNA: AUGUACGUCAAGUAG Animo acids: Met-Tyr-Val-Lys-Stop