(3-5) Cell Division Stage 1: Interphase Stage 2: Mitosis

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Presentation transcript:

(3-5) Cell Division Stage 1: Interphase Stage 2: Mitosis Stage 3: Cytokinesis Structure and Replication of DNA

The “Cell Cycle” There are three main stages in the life cycle of a cell… Stage 1: Interphase Stage 2: Mitosis Stage 3: Cytokinesis

Stage 1: Interphase The period in the cell cycle before cell division Cell growth occurs New ribosomes and enzymes are made Copies of mitochondria and chloroplasts are made DNA replication occurs An exact copy of the DNA in the nucleus is made Preparation for division Cell produces structures that are specifically used to divide into two “daughter cells”

Stage 1: Interphase

Stage 2: Mitosis Once interphase is complete, the cell is ready to divide, then… Mitosis occurs in which the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei One copy of the cell’s DNA is distributed to each daughter cell

Stage 2: Mitosis Mitosis occurs in four distinct phases: 1st – Prophase 2nd – Metaphase 3rd – Anaphase 4th - Telophase

Stage 2: Mitosis

Stage 2: Mitosis During prophase, the chromatin (DNA) in the nucleus condenses to form double-rod like structures called chromosomes. Each rod is an exact copy of the other, and is called a chromatid. The chromatids are held together by a structure called a centromere. chromatid chromatid centromere

Stage 3: Cytokinesis Cytokinesis Completes cell division The cytoplasm divides Organelles are distributed to each of the two new daughter cells Slightly different in plant and animal cells

Stage 3: Cytokinesis Plant cell vs. animal cell cytokinesis

Structure & Replication of DNA How was the structure of DNA discovered? Rosalind Franklin (1952) First successful images of DNA using x-ray crystallography James Watson & Francis Crick (1953) Used Franklin’s images to build the first correct model of the DNA molecule Discovered the “double-helix” shape of the molecule Won Nobel Prize

Structure & Replication of DNA Molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder (“double helix”) A T Nitrogen G C Deoxyribose is the sugar which alternates with phosphates

Structure & Replication of DNA DNA replicates by “unzipping” itself. The now unmatched nitrogen base pairs become matched up with loose base pairs found distributed throughout the nucleus.