Warm-Up What are the reactants of photosynthesis? What are the products? What gas is in the inverted test tube? How do you know? ?

Warm-Up What reaction is occurring in the flask Warm-Up What reaction is occurring in the flask? What gas is being released by the yeast? How do you know? ? Sugar water

Warm-Up What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis Warm-Up What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? Explain what is taking place in the process

Warm-Up What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration Warm-Up What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration? What are the reactants and what are the products? What energy is used and what energy is made?

Warm-Up Describe the carbon cycle Warm-Up Describe the carbon cycle. What does the carbon cycle have to do with energy needed by plants and animals?

Wake County Biology Curriculum Cellular Respiration Wake County Biology Curriculum

There are two types of respiration. Aerobic Cellular Respiration Fermentation (anaerobic)

Aerobic Cellular Respiration Occurs when cells convert chemical energy, using oxygen, into ATP which is energy that can be used in cellular activities.

Aerobic Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O sugar oxygen carbon dioxide water Sugar and oxygen are used to make energy. Occurs in all organisms that need oxygen to survive. This is called AEROBIC respiration.

This process is chemically opposite to photosynthesis. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O sugar oxygen carbon dioxide water This process is chemically opposite to photosynthesis. 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide water sugar oxygen

Cellular Respiration VS Photosynthesis C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O sugar oxygen carbon dioxide water 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide water sugar oxygen Which is which? How do you know?

Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O sugar oxygen carbon dioxide water Cellular respiration uses sugar and kicks out energy in the form of ATP Photosynthesis takes in light energy to make sugar 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide water sugar oxygen

Cellular Respiration Occurs in eukaryotes in the mitochondria.

Cellular Respiration Mitochondria are known as the “Power House” of the cell. Mitochondria produce all the energy needed by the cell in the form of ATP.

Mitochondria academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu

Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is a process that releases energy in molecules to parts of cells that need the energy. brooklyn.cuny.edu

Cellular Respiration AMP – Adenosine monophosphate has one phosphate group and a small amount of energy mr-chemist.blogspot.com

Cellular Respiration ADP – Adenosine diphosphate has two phosphate groups and a little more energy. chemwiki.ucdavis.edu

Cellular Respiration ATP – Adenosine triphosphate has three phosphate groups and a large amount of energy. hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration

Heat production www.yellowtang.org

Cell movement www.yellowtang.org

Muscle contractions www.yellowtang.org

Chemical reactions www.yellowtang.org

How is ATP made in the mitochondria? Cellular Respiration How is ATP made in the mitochondria?

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration The entire process kicks out 38 ATP’s but since two are used, there is a net balance of 36.

Cellular Respiration This type of respiration is called AEROBIC RESPIRATION because it requires oxygen. C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O sugar oxygen carbon dioxide water

Carbon Cycle

Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic respiration: occurs when cells convert chemical energy, using no oxygen, into ATP which is energy that can be used in cellular activities. There are two types of anaerobic respiration called fermentation.

Fermentation Fermentation: occurs when cells convert chemical energy, using no oxygen, into ATP.

Fermentation Not as efficient because only 2 ATP’s are made instead of the 36 produced by aerobic respiration. (Which would you rather have; $2 or $36?)

Fermentation Because aerobic respiration is more efficient, more organisms that can use oxygen exist than anaerobes even though anaerobes were here first.

Fermentation Entire process occurs in the cytoplasm, not in the mitochondria Since mitochondria are not needed, this process can occur in many types of prokaryotes (bacteria).

Fermentation Two types of fermentation: Lactic Acid Fermentation Occurs when muscles are using oxygen faster than they can get it. Causes muscle fatigue because of the build up of lactic acid

Fermentation Muscle cramps results when lactic acid builds up. active.com

Fermentation Coaches tell athletes to keep walking until they stop breathing hard. This allows the circulatory system to remove the lactic acid from the muscles before cramps start. (usually)

Fermentation Two types of fermentation: Alcoholic Fermentation Occurs when yeast breaks down sugar. Waste products are alcohol and CO2 Used to make alcoholic beverages, ethanol fuel, and bread.

Fermentation Alcoholic fermentation makes alcohol and CO2 as waste products. Example: bubbles in champagne. student20.com

Fermentation Alcoholic fermentation makes alcohol and CO2 as waste products. Example: CO2 bubbles makes bread rise. thefreshloaf.com

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