Realizing the National Disaster Management Policy of Sri Lanka through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) Student: Mihiri Kokila Wijesinghe Supervisor: Prof. Kenichi Matsui Student ID: 201626055

Contents Introduction to the research Key disasters affecting Sri Lanka and their economic impact Policy and legislative arrangements for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR )in Sri Lanka Legal and regulatory framework on PPP in Sri Lanka Government’s objectives in using PPP Current disaster management PPP projects in Sri Lanka Challenges and issues for PPP in Sri Lanka Stakeholder perceptions on PPP

Research Objectives Expected outcomes Explore the provisions of the policy and legislative framework for PPPs in disaster management in Sri Lanka Identify the current practice of PPPs in Sri Lanka Suggest policy and practice improvements to promote PPPs in disaster management Expected outcomes Improving Sri Lanka disaster management policy with PPP

2. PPPs in Disaster Management-Sri Lanka Outline of the Thesis 1. Introduction 2. PPPs in Disaster Management-Sri Lanka 3. PPPs in Disaster Management -other countries 4. Conclusion and Recommendation

Major disasters affecting Sri Lanka Flood Tsunami Landslide Cyclones Lightening Drought http://www.dailymirror.lk; https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov; http://newsfirst.lk

Economic impact of disasters Macroeconomic impact Microeconomic impact Increased health expenditure, Loss of labor and productivity, Reduced investments Affects individual households, and Firms Total cost of damages and losses during floods 2016: 4.485 million US $ Expenditure on food aid and relief support due to natural disasters between 2007-2011: 11.05 million US $

Policy and legislative arrangements for DRR Tsunami 2004 raised concerns about Disaster Risk Reduction; “Towards safer Sri Lanka - Roadmap for Disaster Risk Management”- Guiding document for DRR; Disaster Management Act - No.13 of 2005; National Disaster Management Policy – To ensure sustainability and resilience of the nation; International DRR plans Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction: 2015-2030 The Hyogo Framework for Action: 2005-2015 (HFA) Sri Lanka Comprehensive Disaster Management Program (SLCDMP) 2014- 2018.

Private Public Partnerships A long-term contract between a private party and a government entity, Providing a public asset or service, Private party bears significant risk and management responsibility, Remuneration is linked to performance. (http://ppp.worldbank.org)

Legal and regulatory framework on PPP in Sri Lanka Due to the lack of viable PPP policy, act and implementing regulations; Short term - implemented through contractual arrangements; Long term – discourage private investments and government from pursuing; Attract investors by the legal certainty provided by a dedicated law; Currently following public procurement guidelines

Sri Lanka Government’s objectives in using PPP Share certain tasks and risks, such as design, construction, operation and feasibility with the private sector; Obtain additional funding for infrastructure development (especially considering government’s budgetary limit); Benefit from improved technical capacity by the private sector; Improve the quality and efficiency of services.

Disaster Management Cycle Prevention and mitigation Preparedness Disaster response Recovery and Rehabilitation

Prevention and mitigation Karadiyana waste to energy project Recent open dump side incident at Meethotamulla, Colombo –killed 32 people Partners - Waste Management Authority/ Fairway waste Management (Pvt) Ltd Plant will recover nutrients to earth as fertilizer Produce energy and transformed into electricity Source: http://www.sundayobserver.lk Source: http://www.hirunews.lk

Disaster Preparedness Establishing Early warning systems Disaster and emergency early warning network (DEWN) system Partners - Disaster Management Centre and Dialog Axiata PLC Uses widely available mobile communication technologies Short messages service (SMS) for early warning Cell broadcast (CB) Funded by the government Source: http://drrgateway.net

Disaster Response Rescue Disaster relief Pick-me taxi service In-app features : SOS Partnered with A-PAD SL in providing this service to the Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) and Air force uses Identifies the exact location of victims by GPS tracking Disaster relief Private companies played important roles providing relief MAS holdings PVT Ltd/ Cargills Ceylon PLC/Central finance PLC Sources: https://www.zaubacorp.com; http://colomboo.lk; http://bizenglish.adaderana.lk Source:http://www.asianmirror.lk

Recovery and rehabilitation The massive landslide in Meeriyabedda, Badulla district – destroyed 75 houses; Maskeliya plantations PLC donated land to the proposed reconstruction site; Many victims were employees in the plantation company; Ministry of Disaster Management and Sri Lanka Army Source :http://www.uktamilnews.com Source: www.arpico.com Source :http://www.army.lk

Disaster Insurance Schemes The state-funded National Insurance Scheme Budget Proposals of 2016 to help disaster victims. The National Insurance Trust Fund (NITF) National Disaster Relief Services Centre (NDRSC ) Index-based weather insurance products to farmers – Pilot project SANASA insurance company Ltd. /IFC (International Finance Corporation) To minimize the impact of crop losses due to flood and drought Paddy and tea sectors 50000 farmers Source: www.onlanka.com

Challenges and issues for PPPs in Sri Lanka Lack of confidence and distrust in the private sector; The public does not know about PPPs; PPPs are not legally defined; Policymakers and administrators find it hard to legitimize PPP projects; Unfavorable economic and commercial conditions.

Stakeholder Perceptions of PPPs Questionnaire survey: 15 respondents (Public sector/private sector/NGO) PPPs in Sri Lanka reached expected outcomes; Monitoring mechanism affect outcomes; Technological, management and financial capacities are adequate to reach outcomes; Monitoring procedures, laws and regulations, funding procedures should be improved; Government should take a stronger role in initiating PPPs; Good transparency in financial activities; PPP is important to improve Disaster Management in Sri Lanka.

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