The National Judiciary

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Federal Courts Chapter 16.
Advertisements

The Federal Courts Chapter 16.
The Federal Courts Chapter 16. The Nature of the Judicial System Introduction: – Two types of cases: Criminal Law: The government charges and individual.
“Con Law” It’s in the BudgetDecisions “Chief” among Equals Juris- diction Policy Points Mis-cell- any AP Government Jeopardy –
THE Federal Court System… Jurisdiction Original jurisdiction Appellate jurisdiction Concurrent jurisdiction Constitutional courts District courts Courts.
THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM Chapter 18. The Judicial System  Two types of cases:  Criminal Law: Government charges an individual with violating one or more.
The Court System. The US Federal Court System The Current Supreme Court The court has final authority on cases involving the constitution, acts of Congress,
The U.S. Supreme Court. U.S. Supreme Court Today  Chief Justice John Roberts, Jr.  Associate Justices: ANTONIN SCALIA ANTHONY M. KENNEDY CLARENCE THOMAS.
The Supreme Court. Judicial Review  Judicial Review is one of the most important powers of the Supreme Court It is the power to overturn any law that.
Institutions Unit IVD Judicial Branch. American Legal System Criminal Law Cases Criminal Law Cases An individual violating a specific law An individual.
The Judiciary Chapter 10- The Judiciary. Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 O Established the basic 3 step federal court system. 3. Supreme Court 2. Appellate.
Presidential Appointments -The higher visibility and importance of the Supreme Court demands that the president Supreme Court demands that the president.
J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?
Supreme Court and Lower Courts.  Judicial Review  Supreme court has right to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional  Power to determine the constitutionality.
Institutions Unit IVD Judicial Branch. American Legal System Criminal Law Cases Criminal Law Cases An individual violating a specific law An individual.
 Is the authority of the courts to hear certain cases  Under Constitution, federal courts have jurisdiction in cases regarding › Federal law › Treaties.
THE JUDICIAL BRANCH Today’s Objective: C-3 To gather information on the structure of the judicial branch and the ideological tendencies of the Supreme.
Supreme Court.  District Courts ◦ Original Jurisdiction: courts that determine the facts about a case- the trial court. ◦ Federal crimes ◦ Civil suits.
UNIT 4: SECTION 1 JUDICIAL BRANCH: ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES, AND POWERS Essential Questions: How are Supreme Court justices appointed and confirmed by the.
The U.S. Supreme Court. The Supreme Court Justices.
Judicial Branch preAP. Jurisdiction Jurisdiction –the authority to hear certain cases. The United States is a DUAL system: State courts have jurisdiction.
Chapter 16 The Federal Courts. Article III: The Judicial Branch Job under Separation of Powers: Job under Separation of Powers: Interpret the Law Marbury.
Chapter 16. The Nature of the Judicial System Introduction: Two types of cases: Criminal Law: The government charges an individual with violating one.
 Where would we find the specific functions of this branch?  Article III  What is the difference between state and federal courts? (Think about Federalism)
Chapter 18: The Federal Court System Section 3. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 2 Chapter 18, Section 3 Objectives 1.Define the concept of judicial.
The Federal Courts The Judiciary.
Chapter 10- The Judiciary
The Judicial Branch CP Political Systems.
The Judicial Branch CP Political Systems.
The Federal Court System
The Judicial Branch.
The Judicial Branch CP Political Systems.
The Supreme Court.
The Judical Branch The federal Court System
T.L.O. vs. New Jersey Read the background summary of the case
The Judicial Branch CP Political Systems.
The Judicial Branch Chapter
LEARNING OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
The Federal Courts Chapter 19.
The Federal Court System
The Judicial Branch.
The Judicial Branch.
The Judicial Branch.
The Federal Judicial System: Applying the Law
The Court System.
 Chapter 9 The Judiciary
The Judiciary Chapter 14.
The Judicial Branch.
The Federal Courts.
The Judicial Branch.
The Judicial Branch GC. 13 & 14.
The Judiciary: Blending Law and Politics
The Federal Courts.
Welcome! Today is Thursday, March 29, 2018
Chapter 18: The Federal Court System Section 3
THE FEDERAL COURTS STUDENT NOTES 10.2.
The Federal Courts Chapter 16.
The Judicial Branch CP Political Systems.
The JUDICIAL BRANCH The Court System in the United States
The Judicial Branch.
The Supreme Court At Work
The Judicial Branch CP Political Systems.
The Judicial Branch Political Systems.
The Judicial Branch.
The Judicial Branch.
The Judicial Branch CP Political Systems.
Introduction to the Judicial Branch
The Federal Courts Chapter 16.
Chapter 8 The Judicial Branch.
The Federal Courts Chapter 16.
Presentation transcript:

The National Judiciary Judicial Branch The National Judiciary

Jurisdiction Jurisdiction – Is the authority of the courts to hear certain cases. Under the Constitution they have jurisdiction under Federal law, treaties, and interpretation of the law. Original Jurisdiction – Lower courts have the authority to hear cases for the first time; in the federal system district courts and the supreme court have original jurisdiction where trials are conducted, evidence is presented, and juries determine the outcome of cases Appellate Jurisdiction – Courts that hear reviews or appeals of decisions from the lower courts; courts of Appeals and the supreme court have appellate jurisdiction Concurrent jurisdiction – Allows certain types of cases to be tried in either the federal or state courts

Structure of the Judicial System The federal judicial system consists of constitutional courts and legislative courts District courts – district courts decide civil and criminal cases arising under the constitution and federal laws or treaties. More than 80% of all federal cases are heard in the district courts Court of appeals – decide appeals from united states district courts and review decisions of federal administrative agencies. There are 13 united states court of appeals Supreme court – only court established by the constitution. It is the final authority in dealing with all questions arising from the constitution, federal laws, and treaties. May also hear cases of original jurisdiction if the case involve representatives of a foreign government, or certain types of cases where the state is a party. Also has appellate jurisdiction

Judicial Selection Lower courts – Senatorial courtesy, the practice of allowing individual senators who represent the state where the district is located to approve or disapprove potential nominees, has traditionally has been used to make appointments to the district courts

Judicial Selection Supreme court – President only make appointments to the supreme court if a vacancy occurs during their term in office. When making appointments, presidents often consider: Party affiliation – choosing judges from their own political party Judicial philosophy – appointing judges who share their political ideology Race, gender, religion, region – considering these criteria may help bring balance to the court or satisfy certain segments of society “litmus test” – a test of ideological purity toward a liberal or conservative stand on certain issues such as abortion Background of Judges – Some federal judges have served as state court judges. Until recently, few African Americans, Hispanics, or women were appointed as judges o the lower federal courts. Lyndon Johnson appointed the first African American, Thurgood Marshall, to the supreme court; Ronald Reagan appointed the first woman, Sandra day o’ connor.

Judicial Selection Acceptability – noncontroversial and therefore acceptable o members of the senate judiciary committee and the senate American bar association – the largest national organization of attorneys; often consulted by presidents; rates nominees’ qualifications Interest groups – may support or oppose a nominee based on his or her position on issues of importance to the interest group; use lobbyists to pressure senators. Justices – endorsements from members of the supreme court may help nominee Background of Judges Some federal judges have served as state court judges. Until recently, few African Americans, Hispanics, or woman were appointed as judges to lower federal courts. Lyndon Johnson appointed the first African American. Thurgood Marshall, to the supreme court; Ronald Reagan appointed the first woman, Sandra day o’connor

The Court at work Accepting cases – cases are accepted for review must pass the rule of four Four of the nine judges must agree to hear the case Writ of certiorari – an order by the court (when petitioned) directing a lower court to send up the records of a case for review; usually requires the need to interpret law or decide a constitutional question. Certificate – a lower court may ask the supreme court about a rule of law or procedures in a specific cases. Briefs and oral arguments – lawyers for each party to the case file a written brief. Interested parties may also be invited to submit amicus curiae (friends of the court) briefs supporting or rejecting arguments of the case. Research and conferences – justices use law clerks to research the information presented in oral arguments and briefs. Each justice may speak about the cases under discussion. An informal poll determines how each justice is leaning in the case.

The Court at work Writing opinions Majority opinion – a majority of the justices agree on the decision and its reasons Concurring opinion – A justice who agrees with the majority opinion but not with the reasoning behind the decision Dissenting opinion – a justice or justices who disagree with the majority opinion Majority opinions become precedents, standards or guides to be followed in deciding similar case in the future.

Courts as policymakers New deal era – franklin Roosevelt proposed what opponents termed a “court packing plan” to increase the number of justices, allowing Roosevelt to appoint justices supportive of new deal legislation. The warrant court (1953-1969) – this court heard brown v board of education (1954), declaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional. The warrant court also expanded the rights of criminal defendants in Gideon v. wainwright (1963) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966) The burger court (1969-1986) – the burger court permitted abortions in roe v. wade (1973) and ruled that Nixon did not have executive privilege over information in a criminal proceeding in us. V. Nixon (1974) in regents of the university of California v. Bakke (1978) the court ruled against quotas in the admissions process.

Courts as policymakers The Rehnquist and Roberts courts (1986-present) – planned parenthood v. Casey (1992) limited but, did not reverse early liberal courts decisions on the topics of abortions, and affirmative actions. The court of Chief Justices John Roberts (2005 – present) continued the conservative ideology of the Rehnquist court. 2007 the Roberts Court upheld the federal Partial Birth Abortion Act of 2003.

Judicial Philosophy Judicial Philosophy – judicial philosophy of activism or restraint is not the same as political philosophy such as liberal or conservative. The marshall court was activist in establishing judicial review but conservative in protecting property rights. Judicial Activism – the philosophy of judicial activism, or judicial intervention, holds that the court should play an active role in determining national policies. Judicial restraint – the philosophy of judicial restraint holds that the court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the constitution and upholding acts of congress unless the acts clearly violate specific provisions of the constitution.