Solar Energy Commercialization Utility Scale Solar Development SEC598S19 Solar Energy Commercialization Session 12 Utility Scale Solar Development Design Issues, cont. February 18, 2019

Session 12 - Value to class members This session wraps up a discussion of Design Issues

Utility Scale PV Systems Design Steps Selecting an appropriate site and solving all land issues Carrying out the permitting process for construction and operation Selecting a financing approach including power purchase agreements or energy off-take agreements Carrying out PV system and solar field engineering and design Interconnection to the grid

Utility Scale - Solar Farm Design Steps in Solar Farm Design Design calculations Electrical design considerations System monitoring System equipment selection Installation issues Yield calculations

Solar Farm Design - Electrical Design Matching the solar array to the inverters String – PV modules connected in series, so voltages add up String inverters Sub-array – A number of parallel strings, so currents add up Array – Sub-arrays connected in parallel to complete entire solar system Central inverters Solar Farms Chapter 4

Solar Farm Design – Electrical Design Matching the solar array to the inverters Solar Farms Chapter 4

Solar Farm Design – Electrical Design Matching the solar array to the inverters Solar Farms Chapter 4

Solar Farm Design – Electrical Design Matching the solar array to the inverters Solar Farms Chapter 4

Solar Farm Design – Electrical Design Matching the solar array to the inverters Solar Farms Chapter 4

Solar Farm Design – Electrical Design Matching the solar array to the inverters Solar Farms Chapter 4

Solar Farm Design – Electrical Design Matching the solar array to the inverters Solar Farms Chapter 4

Utility Scale PV Systems Module/Inverter compatibility calculations Minimum number of modules per string:

Utility Scale PV Systems Module/Inverter compatibility calculations Maximum number of modules per string:

Utility Scale PV Systems Module/Inverter compatibility calculations Maximum number of parallel strings (in a sub-array):

Utility Scale PV Systems Module/Inverter compatibility calculations Confirming the power rating per sub-array

Utility Scale PV Systems Module/Inverter compatibility calculations Determining array configuration - calculated Minimum number of modules/string Maximum number of modules/string Minimum number of strings connected to inverter Maximum number of modules connected to inverter

Utility Scale PV Systems Module/Inverter compatibility calculations Determining array configuration – next steps Number of string combiner boxes/string monitoring connections Number of string overcurrent protection devices Acceptable cable losses Number and size of required DC isolators Oversizing factor

Solar Farm Design – Electrical Design Matching the solar array to the inverters Solar Farms Chapter 4 Normal sizing

Solar Farm Design – Electrical Design Matching the solar array to the inverters Solar Farms Chapter 4 Oversizing the array

Solar Farm Design – Mechanical Design Energy Harvesting Solar Farms Chapter 4

Solar Farm Design – Mechanical Design Energy Harvesting Solar Farms Chapter 4

Solar Farm Design – Mechanical Design Energy Harvesting Tracker array at ASU

Solar Farm Design – System Monitoring Solar Farms Chapter 4 Grid integration and plant control

Solar Farm Design – System Monitoring Solar Farms Chapter 4 Transformers

Solar Farm Design – System Monitoring Solar Farms Chapter 4 Plant control

Solar Farm Design – System Monitoring Solar Farms Chapter 4 SCADA components/services

Solar Farm Design – Operation System yield