Growth of Cities and Commerce in China Transitions in Leadership Several dynasties reigned from around 1500 BC to seventh century AD By AD 1000, Northern Song and Southern Song dynasties Mongol Yuan dynasty reigned for about a century

Growth of Cities and Commerce in China Expansion Improvements in Agriculture Increase of Population Growth of Cities Expansion of Commerce Trade Use of money

Growth of Cities and Commerce in China Innovations Scientific Technological: Putting knowledge to effective use Paper Compass Gunpowder Printing Iron and cast iron

Growth of Cities and Commerce in China Trade With Southeast Asia and Other Lands Growth of the Merchant Class For centuries merchants were considered dishonorable Status eventually improved

Growth of Cities and Commerce in China Religion in China Ancestor Worship Confucianism Buddhism Taoism Nestorian missionaries were influential prior to the rise of Islam

Developments in Japan and Southeast Asia Government Earliest known: Government by clan 8th Century: Fujiwara clan dominates Kyoto becomes capital in 794 Taika Reform Period of feudalism: Local leaders replace central power

Developments in Japan and Southeast Asia Government Yoritomo takes control in 1192 Becomes shogun Kamakura period Ashikaga clan becomes dominant in 1336 Tokugawa clan becomes dominant by 1600 Moves capital to Tokyo

Developments in Japan and Southeast Asia Rise of the Warrior Class Samurai Bushido code Religion in Japan Shintoism Zen Buddhism

Developments in Japan and Southeast Asia Vietnam Dai Viet Champa Angkor (Cambodia) Khmer empire

Rise of the Mongol Empire Founding of the Mongol Empire Chinggis Khan “Great Ruler” Mongol Unification Organized the people Great Yasa: Code of law for all

Rise of the Mongol Empire Founding of the Mongol Empire Mongol Conquest Training and horsemanship Siege warfare Pretend retreat Ruthless

Rise of the Mongol Empire Mongol Rule in Asia Continued to spread to the West Kublai Khan conquered China in 1279 Yuan Dynasty Japan Defeated the Mongol Invaders Southeast Asian Countries Resisted Mongol Rule

Rise of the Mongol Empire Mongol Rule in Asia The Golden Horde Batu Khan led Mongol forces into Europe Tartars Battle of Liegnitz “Golden Horde” was name of empire Controlled Russia until 1480

Rise of the Mongol Empire Religion in the Mongol Empire Traditional Mongol Religion Polytheistic A supreme god Tengri Felt idols Shamans Nestorian Christianity Initially tolerated Islam, Tamerlane persecuted it viciously

Rise of the Mongol Empire Trading in the Mongol Empire Mongols manufactured very little Relied on trade Eventually closed East-West trade routes

Rise of the Mongol Empire Decline and Collapse of the Mongol Empire Collapse of Mongol Rule in China Ming dynasty established Timur (Tamerlane) Conquered several lands Empire collapsed shortly after his death Mughal dynasty in India