Justification = elastic clause Functions Control? I. Background Justification = elastic clause Functions Control? President Congress
II. Structure A. 15 Executive Departments 2. Treasury 3. Defense 1. State 2. Treasury 3. Defense 4. Justice 5. Interior 6. Agriculture 7. Commerce 8. Labor
9. Health and Human Services 10. Housing and Urban Development 11. Transportation 12. Energy 13. Education 14. Veterans Affairs 15. Homeland Security
B. Regulatory Commissions Organization Size Purpose “quasi-functions”
Examples: Federal Communications Commission Federal Reserve Board Nuclear Regulatory Commission Securities and Exchange Commission
C. Independent Executive Agencies Purpose Organization Examples Civil Service Central Intelligence Agency Environmental Protection Agency
D. Government Corporations Purpose Independence Examples: Tennessee Valley Authority Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. U.S. Postal Service
III. Demands on Bureaucracy President Congress Courts
IV. Trends Expense “Shadow Government”