DIPLOMATIC CHALLENGES & RIVALS

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Presentation transcript:

DIPLOMATIC CHALLENGES & RIVALS SONG CHINA DIPLOMATIC CHALLENGES & RIVALS After the fall of the Tang, new states emerge in former Tang Territory: Liao Tanggut Song Song used seafaring and sailing technologies to forge maritime connections…

DIPLOMATIC RIVALS (cont.) SONG CHINA DIPLOMATIC RIVALS (cont.) LIAO Lasted from 916 – 1121 C.E. Prided themselves on pastoral traditions Were from Kitan ethnic group Made no attempt to create a single elite culture Kings presented themselves as Confucian rulers, Buddhist monarchs, and nomadic leaders

DIPLOMATIC RIVALS (cont.) SONG CHINA DIPLOMATIC RIVALS (cont.) LIAO (cont.) Had a strong military: demanded annual payments of cash and silk in return for peace

DIPLOMATIC RIVALS (cont.) SONG CHINA DIPLOMATIC RIVALS (cont.) CONFLICT WITH THE LIAO Help the Jurchens of NE Asia to defeat the Liao Jurchens establish the Jin Empire: Drive the Song out of North and Central China in 1127 Song continued to reign in South China as the Southern Song Empire

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES SONG CHINA TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES Many of the innovations were based on ideas brought to China during Tang period Many had to do with: Math, Astronomy, Calendar making Improved the compass – made it suitable for seafaring Created the “Junk” – large ship with Stern mounted rudder.

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES (cont.) SONG CHINA TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES (cont.) Gunpowder! Boom! Defensive at first. Invention of movable type allowed Song to mass-produce prep books for civil service tests Also allows for information to be passed about agriculture; helps increase productivity Literacy Rates ^

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES (cont.) SONG CHINA TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES (cont.) Overcrowding problems lead to improvements in waste management, water supply, and firefighting efforts. Foreigners impressed at Song cities.

POLITICS, ECONOMY, & SOCIETY SONG CHINA POLITICS, ECONOMY, & SOCIETY Politics are dominated by civilian officials and pursuits Civil service exam reaches mature form; exams break the domination of hereditary: Men chosen for office based on merit (vs. bloodlines) Poor men didn’t have time to devote to studying for test…

POLITICS, ECONOMY, & SOCIETY SONG CHINA POLITICS, ECONOMY, & SOCIETY Credit system put in place (flying money) Introduced the notion of government-issued paper money…causes inflation and is eventually withdrawn

POLITICS, ECONOMY, & SOCIETY SONG CHINA POLITICS, ECONOMY, & SOCIETY Taxes raised on farmers; collected by private individuals Tax collectors made money by collecting maximum amounts from people and sending in the least amount necessary to the empire Much heavier tax burden on common people!

POLITICS, ECONOMY, & SOCIETY SONG CHINA POLITICS, ECONOMY, & SOCIETY Rapid economic growth undermines traditional regulation of business: Land no longer the only source for wealth… traditional hierarchy weakens Cities, commerce, consumption, and credit boom!

POLITICS, ECONOMY, & SOCIETY SONG CHINA POLITICS, ECONOMY, & SOCIETY Women’s status declined: Subordination, disenfranchisement, and restrictions are put in place Couldn’t own property or remarry Footbinding Lower classes had more independence than elites…

SONG CHINA

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