Imperialism

Imperialism and Colonialism Imperialism- the domination of European powers (or any power) over subject lands in the larger world Colonialism- Political, social, economic, and cultural structures that enable imperial powers to dominate subject lands

Motives Imperial expansion seen as crucial to the survival of European states and societies- EXPAND OR DIE! Economic Theories Industrialization Greed Land + Resources Diplomatic Theories Power politics National prestige Strategic military and commercial locations Diffuse social tension, inspire patriotism Psychological Theories White supremacy/racism Social Darwinism Cultural Theories Missions to convert and civilize

Role of Technology Transportation/Communication Military Enable domination, administration, communication, and commercialization Canals Panama + Suez Telegraph Military Rifled machine gun Maxim gun- fires 11 bullets per second Ensures European dominance

European Imperialism British Imperial Rule- India Central and Southeast Asia- Britain and Russia French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos) Direct Rule Assimilation- Indoctrinate subject peoples with all aspects of French life i.e. education, behavior, language, Christianity Pacific British settler colonies in Australia

U.S. and Japanese Imperialism United States Monroe Doctrine Spanish-American War Philippines Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary Japan Korea, Taiwan Sino-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War

Scramble for Africa Motives- economic, diplomatic, psychological, cultural Information compiled Colonies established- Congo Free State, Egypt Settlers in South Africa Dutch Afrikaners/Boers Boer War (1899-1902) Berlin West Africa Conference 1884-1885 12 European states + U.S. and Ottoman Empire- no African representation Agreement for future claims on Africa Notify others of its claim Effective occupation Objectives: end slave trade, civilization and Christianity, commerce/trade

Scramble for Africa Systems of Colonial Rule Direct Rule (French) European personnel collect taxes, recruit labor and military, maintain law and order Colonial boundaries cut across African political and ethnic borders Assimilation Indirect Rule (British) Use traditional African local rulers Highest governors and administrators were white Decentralization Cheap, practical, and safe- “Democratic rule” Belgians and Portuguese raid and use colonies for wealth- administration not emphasized

Scramble for Africa African Responses Resistors- those who put up a fight against the white intrusion Afrocentric view Freedom fighters, African nationalists, Inspiring Eurocentric view Reactionaries- wasting time, lost power and influence Collaborators- those who cooperated with their new leaders Could fight later when it was necessary Weak, sellouts OR used solid judgement, wait for right opportunity Progressive realists, gained power and influence