LO: How can we display the different patterns that the sun takes throughout the year? Do Now: What is the intensity of insolation throughout the following dates: (High, Low, or Medium) January____________ December__________ March_____________ June______________

Relationship of Surface Temperatures to Insolation LO: What is Insolation? Relationship of Surface Temperatures to Insolation - Surface temperatures vary throughout each year and throughout each day. - These variations depend on a balance between energy gained from insolation and lost by Earth’s surface radiation. - More energy gained than radiated = temperatures rise. - More energy radiated than gained = temperatures decrease. Times of Yearly Maximum and Minimum Temperatures - The maximum intensity of insolation occurs on June 21st but the maximum temperatures occur in late July early August. - Between June 21st and the end of July the Earth is still gaining more energy than it is losing. - The minimum intensity of insolation occurs on December 21st but the minimum temperatures occur in late January early February. - Between December 21st and the end of January the Earth is still losing more energy than it is gaining. Times of Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperatures - The maximum intensity of insolation is at solar noon but the maximum temperatures occur between 2p.m. and 4p.m. - The Earth is still gaining more energy than it is losing from 12p.m. to 4p.m. 100 90 70 80 60 70 50 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 10

LO: What is Insolation? Insolation or surface radiation Temperature Maximum Temperature Insolation Minimum Temperature Heat Balance Heat surplus Insolation or surface radiation Heat Balance Heat Deficit Earth surface radiation Heat Deficit 12 Mid 2 am 4 am 6 am 8 am 10 am 12 pm 2 pm 4 pm 6 pm 8 pm 10 pm 12 Mid

Seasons Direct causes of Seasons 10° LO: What is Insolation? 50° 50°N - Seasonal changes in weather conditions result from the cyclic variation in angle, intensity and duration of insolation throughout the year. - The seasons follow the shift in the 90° insolation between 23½°N and 23½°S. - This causes seasons to be opposite of each other in the northern and southern hemispheres. Astronomical causes of seasons Tilt of Earth’s axis -The Earth’s axis is tilted 23½° which causes the 90° insolation to shift between 23½°N and 23½°S. - If the tilt of Earth’s axis was more, the 90° insolation would reach farther north and south resulting in warmer summer and cooler winters. - If the tilt of Earth’s axis was less, the 90° insolation would not reach as far north or south resulting in cooler summers and warmer winters. Parallelism of Earth’s Axis - Regardless of Earth’s position in its orbit Earth’s axis always point in the same direction. - The north pole always point to the North Star (Polaris). Revolution of Earth Around the Sun - As the Earth revolves around the sun the tilt of the axis changes with respect to the sun. - June 21st  Northern hemisphere tilted toward the sun. - December 21st  Southern Hemisphere tilted toward the sun - March 21st + September 23rd  Neither hemisphere tilted toward the sun. 10° LO: What is Insolation? 50° 50°N 0° 10°N 90° 90° 0° 50°S 23½° N 10°S 90° 23½°N 0° 23½° N 23½°S 0° 0° 23½° S 23½° S 23½° 23½°N 90° 0° 23½°S

How can we draw the different paths of the sun?

Complete the 4 Regents Questions on your sheet! Summary Complete the 4 Regents Questions on your sheet!

LO: Heat Budget Lab Do Now: Copy the following definitions: Analogy: comparison between two things. Arbitrary: an unspecified value. Deficit: having less than necessary. Surplus: having more than necessary. Radiative Balance: The relationship between the amount of energy reaching an object (or a portion of it) and the amount leaving it. A good example of this is our Earth receiving energy from the sun, and giving off energy into the near future.