Russia and Japan: Industrialization outside of the west Mrs. Booth

Russia’s Reforms and Industrial Advance Catherine the Great wanted to make sure that no revolts/uprisings occurred among their lower class as in the French Revolution. In fact, leading up to 1861 many people looked to Russia as a model of community and stability. Remember, they still follow a system of serfdom

Holy Alliance A new tsar, Alexander I, sponsors an idea that will include an alliance among the the conservative monarchies of Russia, Prussia, and Austria. They were joining this alliance in defense of their religion and in defense of one another The alliance did very little in practice

Decembrist uprisings Russia’s ruling elite welcomed most westernization into the country, EXCEPT for liberal or radical political views 1825- the Decembrist Uprising was a revolt of western oriented army officers It inspired the tsar at the time, Nicholas I, to instill even more adamant conservatism in Russia Everything became closely monitored, schools, newspapers, secret police grew. No political criticism allowed

Political Repression Because of the political repression, Russia avoided the wave of revolutions that spread through Europe in 1830 to 1848.

Economic and Social Aspects of Russia Mid 1800s Russia remains expansionist- puts pressure on Ottoman Empire to gain lands Russia does not initially industrialize at the same pace as the rest of Europe Prussia and Austria introduce railways, Russia stays put They do increase grain production, but not by new technology but instead by higher demands on their serfs

Crimean War Fought on the black sea over territory belonging to the Ottomans France and Britain send troops to help push Russians back Russians armies lose because of lack of industrialization- their weapons are weaker, the ships of the British send massive amounts of new artillery and weapons and defeat the TOUGH military of Russia OH NO moment for Russia 1854-1856

Alexander II Tsar at the time of the war, Alexander II, realizes he needs western reform Ultimately leads to emancipation of the serfs in 1861 WHY? If they want to have any type of an industrial labor force then they will need to have a “working class.”

1870s Russia gets the railroad! Trans Siberian railroad, which connected European Russia with the Pacific- completed near the end of 1880s Railroad boom directly stimulated expansion of coal and iron industry Railroad development also stimulated the export of grain to the west Opened up Siberia to new development which brought Russia into a more active Asian role

Modernization Printing factories, textile plants, metalworking shops, begin to spring up in Russia – specifically Moscow and St. Petersburg The minister of finance during this time, Sergei Witte, enacted high tariffs to protect new Russian industry Soon, Russia becomes fourth rank in world in steel production and second to U.S. in petroleum production