IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos Nursing: The Embodiment of Compassion IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

This session will explore… Defining compassion Why compassion? Why culturally competent compassion? What helps and what hinders compassion The Papadopoulos Model of Culturally Competent Compassion Results from the Papadopoulos et al international study on compassion IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos STUDENT ACTIVITY Turn to your neighbour Think about the last time you were in practice Describe an incident during which a healthcare worker showed/gave compassion to a patient, family member or a co-worker Explain why you thought this was a compassionate act Now your neighbour repeats the process of B, C, D to you. EACH PERSON TAKES MAXIMUM OF 5 MINUTES. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4P7SUBVRfc&t=72s IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

Culturally Competent Compassion What is Culturally Competent Compassion IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

WHY COMPASSION? IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

WHY HAPPINESS? IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

Compassion and Virtuous life Aristotle (384-322 BC) Buddha (563-483 BC) Hinduism (2000 BC) Compassion is one of the five virtues. A virtue is a habit that is practised and strengthen with use. A virtuous life help us achieve the ‘chief good’ (main purpose of living) which is Eudaimonia (ultimate happiness) Non-judgemental Right insight/understanding Compassion Happiness => NIRVANA Being compassionate is the most essential element of good Karma. Good Karma leads to good life after death which leads to ‘good’ reincarnation. Progressive ‘good’ reincarnations lead to ultimate spiritual happiness => NIRVANA Aristotle taught us that a virtuous life will help us achieve the chief good that of happiness. Karma is the law of moral causation. The theory ofKarma is a fundamental doctrine in Buddhism. This belief was prevalent in India before the advent of the Buddha. Nevertheless, it was the Buddha who explained and formulated this doctrine in the complete form in which we have it today. In the Buddhist context nirvana refers to the imperturbable stillness of mind after the fires of desire, aversion, and delusion have been finally extinguished.[3] In Hindu philosophy, it is the union with Brahman, the divine ground of existence, and the experience of blissful egolessness.[5] In Indian religions, the attainment of nirvana is moksha,[note 1] liberation fromsamsara, the repeating cycle of birth, life and death.[6][7][note 2] In the Buddhist tradition, nirvana is described as the extinguishing of the fires that cause suffering.[26] These fires are typically identified as the fires of attachment (raga), aversion (dvesha) and ignorance (moha or avidya). When the fires are extinguished, suffering (dukkha) comes to an end. The cessation of suffering is described as complete peace. Eightfold path to Buddism 1. Right view 2. Right intention 3. Right speech 4. Right action 5. Right livelihood 6. Right effort 7. Right mindfulness 8. Right concentration IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

Dank u wel r.papadopoulos@mdx.ac.uk

The Papadopoulos, Tilki & Taylor model of Transcultural Health and Cultural Competence (1998 and 2006) CULTURAL AWARENESS CULTURAL COMPETENCE Self awareness Cultural identity Heritage adherence Ethnocentricity Stereotyping Ethno-history Assessment skills Diagnostic skills Clinical Skills Challenging & addressing prejudice, discrimination and inequalities COMPASSION CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE CULTURAL SENSITIVITY Health beliefs & behaviours Anthropological, Socio-political, Psychological & Biological understanding Similarities and differences Health inequalities Empathy, Appropriateness Interpersonal/communication skills Trust, Respect, Acceptance Barriers to cultural sensitivity

IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

The 3 minute activity One half of the room... Turn to the person on your right and identify 3 reasons that may stop nurses from providing compassionate care IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

Little or no team support Personal values Poor role models Routine Little or no team support Not being appreciated Little or no CPD Not receiving compassion from managers Competence ?? Unhappy Nurse IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

We can be compassionate and culturally sensitive ... Team working Personal values Role models Variety Creativity Problem solving Immediacy Interdependence Being appreciated Continuous professional development Receiving & giving compassion from & to co-workers Confidence Competence Flourishing Happy Team, Happy Nurses, Effective, efficient, culturally and compassionately competent care Job Satisfaction IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjKzO94TevA IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

Cover slide subtitle or date What is compassion & Culturally Competent Compassion Cover slide subtitle or date

The model's building blocks IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

Culturally aware compassion - Am I aware of my own world view and what influenced and shaped it? How do my cultural values impact on my understanding of compassion? How do my cultural values and upbringing impact on the way I treat those who are suffering? - Do I treat myself too harshly when I fail, or am I able to be compassionate to my self? IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

Culturally knowledgeable compasion - Do I know how, those from different cultural backgrounds to mine, understand compassion? - Do I know how similar their understanding is to mine? - Do I know what are acceptable compassionate behaviours for those whose cultural backgrounds differ from my own? - Am I open minded and tolerant about the compassion values and behaviours of others? - Can I challenge beliefs and traditions which I disagree with? - Is my reasoning regarding knowing and challenging, motivated by the right desires? IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

Culturally sensitive compassion - How can I improve my communication so that I can express appropriate compassion in both verbal and non verbal ways? - Can I recognise the signs of emotional suffering in people whose cultural background is different to mine? - How do I develop my practical wisdom to be able to know and do the right thing in a culturally and compassionately sensitive manner? - How do I negotiate intercultural encounters to be able to deal with misunderstandings and conflict in a culturally and compassionately sensitive manner? IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

Culturally competent compassion - Am I competently applying my cultural awareness, knowledge ad sensitivity in my practice? - Am I courageous enough to speak up and challenge injustice and human rights violations when I see them? - Do I possess the practical wisdom to challenge constructively at the right time and through the right channels? - Am I aware of the crises facing mankind and do I think about my contribution to relevant solutions? IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

Extracts from the pilot with South Korean Nurses: International Survey on Compassion in Nursing (Papadopoulos et al 2014) main study-15 countries, N= 1323 Pilot study (n=78) Extracts from the pilot with South Korean Nurses: “Korean nurses are required to control compassionate mind”. “In general, a cool-headed nurse is perceived as a professional nurse”. “If nurses feel compassionate too much, then nurses might not be able to perform their duty, so they should be rational” “I wonder if it is right to take care of patients with compassionate mind in clinical environments. Of course, as a nurse, we should maintain the patient’s dignity but I think it is not advisable that nurses become too compassionate”. Papadopoulos I., and Kwak A. (2012) Unpublished survey

Now look at the questionnaire you completed at the beginning of the day IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos International Survey on Compassion in Nursing (Papadopoulos et al 2014) 16 countries, 1397 responses IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

CONSCIOUS AND INTENTIONAL COMPASSION COMPONENT ACTION TIME To listen To talk To hold someone’s hand To support someone To develop a therapeutic relationship BEING THERE To be with patient in mind, body and spirit To register the importance of the moment To love GOING THE EXTRA MILE To go beyond one’s role To care outside one’s duties To share common humanity To volunteer To talk to family unable to be with their loved one DEFENDING & ADVOCATING To challenge any injustice To promote equality To challenge stereotypes To challenge discrimination To promote cultural competence To acknowledge the uniqueness in the individual expressions of suffering PERSONALISATION To consider individual’s characteristics Gender Age Culture Socio-economics To consider individual’s health problems Illness Vulnerability Mental orientation Disabilities CONSCIOUS AND INTENTIONAL COMPASSION The data revealed a number of components and actions, many confirming a global appreciation of elements of compassion that are already recognized. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos International Survey on Compassion in Nursing (Papadopoulos et al 2014) 16 countries, 1397 responses IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos International Survey on Compassion in Nursing (Papadopoulos et al 2014) 16 countries, 1397 responses . IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos International Survey on Compassion in Nursing (Papadopoulos et al 2014) 16 countries, 1397 responses IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos International Survey on Compassion in Nursing (Papadopoulos et al 2014) 16 countries, 1397 responses IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos International Survey on Compassion in Nursing (Papadopoulos et al 2014) 16 countries, 1397 responses IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos CONCLUSION My message to you as nurses, as HUMAN BEINGS, is that we need to join hands and voices to bring back not only compassion but culturally competent compassion in nursing by asserting the following: -fighting for the provision of culturally competent and compassionate care for all, -which means that we proudly promote the fact that culture matters to our health, which also means our right for opportunities to learn how to give culturally competent and compassionate care to all patients, -which signifies our concerns about the unacceptable national and global health inequalities, and -which also represents our belief for justice without discrimination and for the right to access culturally competent and compassionate healthcare to meet our fundamental health needs. IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

My MOOC journey by Lucero Lopez My MOOC journey Mari Stormer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjKzO94TevA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4P7SUBVRfc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePkAqEv9OuI http://www.powtoon.com/show/d2bmHp5aB2D/my-mooc-journey/ http://www.powtoon.com/show/ePcl4N0NQ9A/ My MOOC journey by Lucero Lopez My MOOC journey Mari Stormer IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos

Thank you r.papadopoulos@mdx.ac.uk IPL WORKSHOP 18/04/18 I. Papadopoulos