Bacteria and You! Helicobacter pylori Barry Marshal.

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Presentation transcript:

Bacteria and You! Helicobacter pylori Barry Marshal

Last Day Taking the steps of a clinical Microbiology laboratory Swabbing and plating bacterial cultures Observing colonies and performing a Gram Stain Which bacteria will show purple, and why? Which bacteria will show pink, and why?

Today Observing Gram stain under a microscope Bacteria + Human disease Antibiotics and Antibiotic resistance

Outcomes You will be able to see the differences between Gram positive and negative bacteria under a microscope, and identify microbial shapes. You will understand the interactions between bacteria and humans; giving examples of both the bad and the good. You will understand how antibiotic resistance works, and think of ways it can be controlled or prevented.

Bacteria + Disease Study of Diseases- Pathology Bacteria and other disease causing agents are known as pathogens Table 24.4 in textbook A look at some common and serious microbial infections

So, How do they do it? Bacteria can cause disease in 2 ways Directly- attacking and digesting living cells/tissue Indirectly- production of poisons known as toxins Exotoxin Endotoxin

Exotoxins Toxins made from bacterial proteins Gram positive bacteria- secrete into surrounding environment (protection mechanism) e.g. Clostridium tetani

Endotoxins Toxins made from lipids + carbohydrates (outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria) Not released until bacterial death Complications with Antibiotics e.g. Escherichia coli

Antibiotics Drugs that combat bacteria by interfering with various cellular functions (Table 24.5) Can be broad spectrum (works against a variety of different bacteria) or narrow spectrum (selected group of bacterial types)

Antibiotic Classes Penicillin and Cephalosporin class antibiotics interfere with cell wall synthesis Tetracycline Class inhibits protein synthesis (used to treat acne) Sulfonamide (Sulfa Drugs) inhibit cell metabolism

Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test Antibiotic Testing Diffusion test Bacteria inoculated on a plate, antibiotic test placed on agar, and the “zone size” of resistance is measured. Automated Susceptibility testing Bacteria are inoculated on a susceptibility testing card, machine measures optical density of wells.

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE MORE ON THIS NEXT WEEK (GUEST LECTURER COMING IN TO DISCUSS THIS WORLD-WIDE PROBLEM)

Let’s Look at some Antibiotic Testing Suppose the plate on the piece of paper is your own antibiotic susceptibility test If your culture was Gram positive- Use the Gram Positive sensitivity readings If Gram negative – use GN sensitivity readings Draw the plate, along with the zone sizes of each antibiotic on your lab manual

To Do Now let’s take a look at our Gram stains! Using your lab manual, provide a scientific drawing of your bacteria Note whether your bacteria is Gram positive or Gram negative

In Lab Manuals Draw the entire F.O.V (Everything you see inside the microscope… works best if you draw a large circle in the middle of your page, and fill it in with what you see) Keeping in mind rules for Scientific Drawings Need to provide magnification power, actual size and magnification of drawing.

F.O.V

CALCULATIONS TOTAL MAGNIFICATION = Objective Lens x 10 ACTUAL SIZE = F.O.V diameters (use um) / # of fits across for a single cell MAGNIFICATION (OF DRAWING) = DRAWING SIZE/ ACTUAL SIZE (SAME UNITS!!!)