Aim: What does it mean to be Muslim or Sikh? Do Now: What do you know about Islam or Sikhism? What would you like to know?

I How did Islam begin? ARABIA A) Muhammad, a merchant (trader/businessman) as born 570 CE in Saudi Arabia. B) At 40 years old, Angel Gabriel told Muhammad he was to be God’s final Prophet (messenger). ARABIA

How Did Islam Begin? Continued… C) Muhammad was forced out of Mecca (due to fear he would overthrow the local government), and went to Medina. This journey was called the Hijrah “migration”. He gained an army of followers. D) Muhammad returned to Mecca with his army in 630 CE and took control of the city. E) Muhammad died in 632 CE. According to the Hadith (a collection of Islamic oral tradition), he flew to Jerusalem on a winged horse, and rose to heaven.

II Beliefs of Islam THE 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM There is only one God, Allah. Islam means “Submission to the will of God”. Followers of Islam are called Muslims. All Muslims believe in the 5 Pillars of Islam : THE 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM There is only one God, Allah. Muhammad was his prophet. Prayer five times per day. Give to charity. Fast during the holy month of Ramadan from dawn until dusk . Make a hajj (a pilgrimage to Mecca) at least once if you are able to go.

Al Haram Mosque in Mecca During Hajj Season

Hajj: the 5th Pillar of Islam Muslim pilgrims (religious travelers on their Hajj) must circle the Kaaba stone, which is enclosed in a cube-like building in Mecca.

Hajj: the 5th Pillar of Islam As part of the Hajj ritual, Muslims must throw stones to cast out the Devil.

Beliefs of Islam Continued… C) Muslims believe that Muhammad is the final prophet (messenger) of Allah. D) Like Christians, Muslims believe in a final day of judgment, and heaven and hell.

III Muslim Sacred Texts Sacred text: Koran (Qur’an). The Hadith was written after the death of Muhammad. It is a collection of Islamic oral tradition. Both the Koran and Hadith were written in Arabic. The Jewish Bible and the New Testament are respected, but Muslims believe the Koran is the accurate and final word of God. “O You who believe! Enter absolutely into peace (Islam). Do not follow in the footsteps of satan. He is an outright enemy to you.” (Quran: 2, 208) “God does not forbid you from being good to those who have not fought you in the religion or driven you from your homes, or from being just towards them. God loves those who are just.” (Surat al-Mumtahana, 8)

IV Muslim Sacred Places A) Mecca is the most sacred city in Islam. B) The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is a mosque that was built on the spot where Muhammad is believed to have risen to heaven. The Dome of the Rock is built on the Temple Mount, where the former Jewish Temple stood.

A minaret; where the muezzin calls Muslims to prayer. V Muslim Practices Houses of worship: mosques. Inside a mosque, men and women are separated. Like synagogues, there are no images of people. Prayer is led by an imam. A minaret; where the muezzin calls Muslims to prayer.

Muslim Practices Continued… D) Many Muslim women veil (cover their head). However, the practice of veiling is due more to culture than religion. Turkey is mostly a Muslim country, but the government is not a theocracy. Veiling is a choice. Women in Saudi Arabia have to wear a black abaya.

An Eid celebration in Peshwar, Pakistan IV Muslim Holidays Muslims must fast dawn to dusk for the holy month of Ramadan. B) Eid is a 3 day celebration at the end of Ramadan. An Eid celebration in Peshwar, Pakistan

V A Split in Islam

A Gurdwara and the interior VI Sikhism Origins Sacred Texts Sacred Places 16th century India, founded by Guru Nanak Dev (a Hindu) and 9 subsequent gurus Guru Granth Sahib Worship at a gurdwara. Remove shoes. A Gurdwara and the interior

Sikhism Continued… The 5 Ks Beliefs Practices Holidays Men and women, as well as people of all faiths are equal under ONE god The 5 Ks Kesh (uncut hair), Kanga (wooden comb), Kacha (specially-designed underwear), Kara (iron bracelet), and Kirpan (strapped sword). Guru Gobind Singh's Birthday (the 10th guru) Jan 5th

Sikh Golden Temple, Amritsar India "We are born of woman, we are conceived in the womb of woman, we are engaged and married to woman... Why should we talk ill of her, who gives birth to kings? The woman is born from woman; there is none without her. Only the One True Lord is without woman" (Guru Nanak, Var Asa, pg. 473)

Sikhism Symbol: Khanda

Key Vocabulary: Islam 5 Pillars of Islam Koran Arabic Mecca Dome of the Rock Medina Eid Minaret Haddith Mosque Hajj Muhammad Hijra Muslims Imam Ramadan Islam Veiling Jerusalem Kaaba Stone

Key Vocabulary: Sikhism 5 Ks Guru Granth Sahib Gurdwara Guru Nanak Dev Khanda Sikhism