Periodic Properties of the Elements

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
TMI the periodic table is telling you more than you want to know.
Advertisements

click on a number Click on a group name to go to more information.
Periodic Properties of the Elements
Metals, Non-Metals, & Metalloids; Groups / Families & Periods
Families of the Periodic Table
CHAPTER 6 NOTES: The Periodic Table
Introductory Chemistry, 3 rd Edition Nivaldo Tro Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table.
How substances are named:
Properties of Elements and Trends
Periodic Trends Section A Different Type of Grouping Broader way of classifying elements: Metals Nonmetals Metalloids or Semi-metals.
Chapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements. Effective Nuclear Charge Z eff = Z − S Z = atomic number S = number of inner electrons.
Periodic Properties of the Elements Chapter 7 AP Chemistry.
Families on the Periodic Table
Chapter 4: Atoms and Elements.  Identify metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.  Use the periodic table to classify elements by group.
The Periodic Properties of the Elements By Lauren Querido, Chris Via, Maggie Dang, Jae Lee.
Families on the Periodic Table Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties. Each family has a specific.
1 DMITRI MENDELEEV ORGANIZED KNOWN ELEMENTS INTO A TABLE POSITIONED ELEMENTS SO ELEMENTS WITH SIMILAR PROPERTIES IN COLUMNS RECOGNIZED THAT PROPERTIES.
Periodic Properties of the Elements Chapter 7. The Periodic Table Developed independently by German Julius Lothar Meyer and Russian Dmitri Mendeleev (1870”s).
ELEMENTS: CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Periodic Properties of Elements
CHAPTER 7 CHEM II PERIODIC PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS.
THE PERIODIC TABLE. SECTION 1  Dmitri Mendeleev: Russian chemist who discovered a pattern to the elements in  Arranged the elements by density,
Electron Affinity Energy change accompanying addition of electron to gaseous atom: Cl + e −  Cl −
Families of the Periodic Table. Hydrogen Elements Gas: Hydrogen.
Periodic Families and Family Properties Mary Same.
Periodic Properties of the Elements Nonmetals Dull, brittle substances that are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Tend to gain electrons in reactions.
Modern Periodic Table Chapter 5. Dimitri Mendeleev Predicted the existence and properties of elements that had not yet been discovered-this demonstrated.
Properties of Metal, Nonmetals, and Metalloids. Metals versus Nonmetals Differences between metals and nonmetals tend to revolve around these properties.
Periodic Table.  Developed by Dmitri Mendeleev  Elements in order of increasing atomic #
Metals, Non-Metals, & Metalloids; Groups / Families.
Periodic Table Quiz What is the lightest element on the periodic table? How many elements are there? What is the name for columns? What is the name for.
The Periodic Table.
Periods, groups, and trends
Periodic Table Review.
The Modern Periodic Table
Introduction to the Periodic Table
Chapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements
The Periodic Table.
The periodic Table.
Periodic Table.
Introduction to The Periodic Table
PERIODIC TABLE Topic 5 Review Book
Chemical Families Chemistry 5(B)
METAL NON METAL Alkali Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metalloids
Chapter 3 – Elements and the Periodic Table
Groups of Elements.
Groups of Elements.
The Periodic Table.
Periodic table Chapter 6.
Metals, Non-Metals, & Metalloids; Groups / Families & Periods
Periodic Properties of the Elements
Islamic University - Gaza
Groups of Elements.
Periodic Table.
Chapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements
Unit 2: The Periodic Table
Chapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements
Chapter 5 The Periodic Law.
Groups of Elements.
Periodic table.
Chapter 5 The Periodic Law.
Section 4: The Periodic Table
Periodic Table Why Periodic????
Periodic Trends Section
The Periodic Table Understanding the Periodic Nature of the Elements.
Special Groups and Names
Periodic Table Unit IV.
12.3 The Periodic Table.
Chapter 5 The Periodic Law.
Periodic Table Geography
Presentation transcript:

Periodic Properties of the Elements Chapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements

Development of the Periodic Table Mendeleev – 1869 Moseley - 1913

Electron Shells and Sizes of Atoms Electron Shell = Energy Level Atomic Radii Increase top to bottom Decrease left to right

Ionization Energy Energy required to remove an electron from the ground state of a gaseous atom/ion First – Second – Third : increases Periodic Trend Decreases top to bottom Increases left to right Representative elements have greater IE than transition metals

Electron Affinities Energy change that occurs when an electron is added to one atom of the element in the gaseous state “ how easy an element gains electrons” Trend Becomes less negative from top to bottom Becomes more negative from left to right Noble Gases ΔE > 0

Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Approx. 78% Metals, 15% Nonmetals, 7% Metalloids Metallic properties Shiny luster, conduct heat/electricity, malleable, ductile, solids at room temp., low IE, lose electrons in chem. Rxn, transition metals form more than one cation Nonmetallic properties Non-lustrous, poor conductors of heat/electricity, low melting points, many are diatomic, tend to gain electrons Metalloid Some like metals-some like nonmetals, some are semi-conductors

Group Trends for Active Metals: Group 1 Alkali Metals General Properties Soft metals Silvery, metallic luster high thermal/electrical conductivity low density/melting point (increase as you move down group) very reactive metals +1 ions colored flames Reactions M + Water = metal hydroxide + hydrogen M + Oxygen = metal oxides, peroxides, superoxides

Group Trends for Active Metals: Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals General Properties Solids with typical metallic properties Harder, more dense, higher melting points as compared to Group 1 Less reactive than Group 1; reactivity increases top to bottom 2+ ions Form colorless or white compounds Colored flames

Flame Color – Reactive Metals Group 1 Lithium – Crimson Red Sodium – Yellow Potassium – Blue-Violet Rubidium – Pinkish Violet Cesium – Pinkish Violet Group 2 Calcium – Yellowish Brick Red Strontium – Deep Dark Red Barium – Yellow-green

Hydrogen Colorless diatomic gas Insoluble in water Lightest of all gases Three isotopes 1H, 2H, 3H Burns in air to form water (not highly reactive) Reacts with nonmetals to form molecular compounds Reacts with metals to form metallic hydrides

Group 6A: Oxygen Group Group changes from nonmetal gas to metalloids to metal Oxygen found naturally in two forms – O2 and O3 Sulfur forms several allotropes

Group 7A: Halogens Name means “salt formers” Exist in all three states (g, l, s) Elements are colored Fluorine – pale yellow Chlorine – green Bromine – reddish brown Iodine – grayish black solid; violet vapor Typically irritating to skin Forms -1 ions Reactivity decreases down the group

Group 8A: Noble Gases Gases Nonmetals Monoatomic Extremely nonreactive Xenon will react with fluorine to form XeF2, XeF4, and XeF6 Krypton forms KrF2