Covalent Bonding: Models

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Presentation transcript:

Covalent Bonding: Models

Fundamental Properties of Models A model does not equal reality. Models are oversimplifications, and are therefore often wrong. Models become more complicated as they age. We must understand the underlying assumptions in a model so that we don’t misuse it. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Localized Electron Model A molecule is composed of atoms that are bound together by sharing pairs of electrons using the atomic orbitals of the bound atoms. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Localized Electron Model Description of valence electron arrangement (Lewis structure). Prediction of geometry (VSEPR model). Description of atomic orbital types used to share electrons or hold long pairs. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Lewis Structure Shows how valence electrons are arranged among atoms in a molecule. Reflects central idea that stability of a compound relates to noble gas electron configuration. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Lewis Structures Sum the valence electrons. Place bonding electrons between pairs of atoms. Atoms usually have noble gas configurations. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

VSEPR Model The structure around a given atom is determined principally by minimizing electron pair repulsions. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Predicting a VSEPR Structure Draw Lewis structure. Put pairs as far apart as possible. Determine positions of atoms from the way electron pairs are shared. Determine the name of molecular structure from positions of the atoms. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

VSEPR Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

VSEPR: Two Electron Pairs Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

VSEPR: Three Electron Pairs Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

VSEPR: Four Electron Pairs Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

VSEPR: Iodine Pentafluoride Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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