Factors Affecting Solubility

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Presentation transcript:

Factors Affecting Solubility SCH 3U1 Factors Affecting Solubility

Solubility Measures mass of a solute that can dissolve in a specific solvent at a certain temperature.

1. Polarity Soluble Insoluble Insoluble Soluble Soluble Insoluble NON POLAR POLAR Water Cyclohexene C6H6 CoCl2 I2 Sucrose (C12H22O11) POLAR Soluble Insoluble NON POLAR Insoluble Soluble POLAR Soluble Insoluble “Like Dissolves Like”

Sucrose has 8 polar OH groups able to form hydrogen bonds with water 1. Polarity Solutes dissolve in a solvent with similar forces of attraction Sucrose has 8 polar OH groups able to form hydrogen bonds with water

2. Molecule Size Molecules with small non-polar sections can be soluble in polar solvents miscible miscible miscible Decreasing solubility Effect of polar OH predominates Effect of non-polar portion predominates

3. Temperature Solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent usually increases with temperature

3. Temperature Solubility of most gases in most liquid solvents decreases with an increase in temperature

4. Pressure Increased pressure of a gas above a liquid solvent increases the solubility of that particular gas

Solubility Curves solubility of a solute changes with temperature solubility of each compound is different at different temperatures solubility of each compound changes in a different way as temperature changes

UNSATURATED, SATURATED AND SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS UNSATURATED SOLUTION more solute can be dissolved while the temperature remains constant *any point in the region under the solute’s solubility curve 2. SATURATED SOLUTION no more solute can be dissolved into the solution at a fixed temperature * any point ON the solubility curve 3. SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION solution containing more dissolved solute than normal at particular temperature unstable may suddenly form solid crystals leaving only a saturated solution behind * any point ABOVE the solubility curve

1. Is the solution saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated if there are 20g of KNO3 at 30°C

3. Is the solution saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated if there are 20g of KNO3 at 50°C 4. 100 g H2O is saturated with KNO3 at 100°C. How much KNO3 will come out of solution if the temperature is decreased to 48°C? Saturated 57 g-18 g = 39 g

Practice Solubility Worksheet (SS02W)