Acids and Bases: Day 4 Naming Acids and Bases

Bell Ringer 1. What 2 general products are always produced in a neutralization reaction? 2. What are the 2 general reactants for a neutralization reaction? 3. What is the ion that is common to all acids? 4. What is the ion that is common to all bases?

Acid/Base Strength

Would you use an acid to wash out your eye? #8.3 Aim: How do we name acids and bases? Agenda QOD (5) Lesson: Acid strength (10) Naming acids and bases (10) Activity: Acid and base strength (15) Summary (5) HW#18 …While boric acid is a main ingredient in eye-drop solutions Hydrochloric acid causes major damage to even your skin… What’s the difference?

Demo I have two acids… Which do you think is stronger? How can we test our prediction? What do you think causes greater conductivity in the stronger acid?

Which is a strong acid? Cl- X Cl- X Cl- Cl- X- X Weak acids/bases only create a small percentage of ions Strong acids/bases create many ions Cl- X H H+ Cl- H X Cl- Cl- X- X H+ H H+ H+

Acid/base strength The more ions released in solution, the stronger the acid or base The more ions released in solution, the stronger the acid or base H+ H+ H+ H+ Strong H+ H+ Weak

So, why do you think strong acids and bases are good conductors of electricity? HCl solution Strong acids and bases are strong electrolytes, because they release many ions Strong acids and bases are strong electrolytes, because they release many ions

Check for understanding √

Arrhenius Acids A substance whose water solution contains H+ as the only positive ion. A substance whose water solution contains H+ as the only positive ion. Cl Cl- H + H+ HCl  H+ + Cl- Does that mean that all compounds that contain H are acids? Nope! CH4 does not release H+ in water

Check for understanding: According to Arrhenius theory of acids, citric acid in oranges and acetic acid in vinegar are classified as acids because their aqueous solutions contain a. hydrogen atoms b. hydrogen ions c. hydroxide atoms d. hydroxide ions

Naming acids How do we name HBr? Binary acids are made of Hydrogen + another element. Hydro + name of element ic. Ex. HCl: hydrochloric acid. Ternary acids are more randomly-named: Perchloric Acid- Nitric Acid - Sulfuric Acid - Hydro + name of element + ic. and acid Ex. HCl: hydrochloric acid. How do we name HBr? hydrobromic acid

Check for Understanding Write the formula for the following acids Hydroiodic Acid Hydrochloric Acid Hydrobromic Acid Which of the following is NOT an acid? NH3 H2SO4 HClO4 HNO3

Arrhenius Bases - NaOH  Na+ + OH- O O Na Na+ + A substance whose water solution contains OH- as the only negative ion. A substance whose water solution contains OH- as the only negative ion. - O O Na Na+ + H H NaOH  Na+ + OH- Are all compounds containing OH’s bases? Nope! CH3OH is not a base.

Check for Understanding: When an Arrhenius base is dissolved in H2O, the only negative ion present in the solution is a. OH- b. H3O- c. H- d. O2-

Naming bases How do we name KOH? Name of element + hydroxide. Ex. NaOH: sodium hydroxide How do we name KOH? Potassium hydroxide

Check for Understanding Fill in the missing boxes Formula Name NaOH Potassium Hydroxide Cesium Hydroxide RbOH LiOH

Relative strength of some acids and bases

Activity: Drawing Acids and bases Each pair will be given two substances. For each, use your notes and the example below to follow each step: 1. Is your substance an acid or a base? 2. What kind of ions will its water solution contain? 3. Draw what will happen to your acid or base when you put it in water. For example… My example: Baking soda: base-OH- Lemons: acid-H+

Independent Practice See… Acids Bases day 4 independent practice sheet