Acids and Bases.

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Presentation transcript:

Acids and Bases

Practice Problem 3 moles NaCl/4.5L of solution= 0.7M What is the molarity of a solution that contains 3 moles of sodium chloride, NaCl in 4.5L of solution? 3 moles NaCl/4.5L of solution= 0.7M

0 - <7= Acid 7= Neutral >7 - 14= Base pH scale 0 - <7= Acid 7= Neutral >7 - 14= Base

Properties of Acids Acids ionize to form H+ ions (H3o+) Corrosive Conduct electric current Cause indicators to change color Taste sour

Damage to teeth from acid (soda)

Strong Acids HCl - hydrochloric acid HNO3 - nitric acid H2SO4 - sulfuric acid HBr - hydrobromic acid HI - hydroiodic acid HClO4 - perchloric acid

Properties of Bases Bases form OH- ions Taste bitter Feel slippery Conduct electric current Cause indicators to change color Can damage skin

Strong Bases LiOH - lithium hydroxide NaOH - sodium hydroxide KOH - potassium hydroxide RbOH - rubidium hydroxide CsOH - cesium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 - calcium hydroxide Sr(OH)2 - strontium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 - barium hydroxide

Neutralization Reaction acid+base→salt+water Ex. NaOH+HCl→NaCl+H2O “Water-forming reaction” pH 7

Spectator Ions Do not change reaction between H3O+ and OH- Na+ and Cl- Ex. HCl + H2O + NaOH Na+ + Cl- + 2H2O Na+ and Cl-

Not All Solutions Are Created Equal Strong acid + weak base = acidic Strong base + weak acid = basic

Salts Any combination of cations and anions, except hydroxide and oxides, which are bases.

Ca+, K+, Na+

Neutralization Reaction

What’s happening? Why does the cork pop off? NaHCO3 + CH3COOH ----> CO2 + H2O + CH3COONa Why does the cork pop off?

More Molarity… What is the molarity of a solution that contains 4.00 moles of Magnesium Bromide, MgBr2 in 7.00 L of solution? 2. What is the molarity of a solution that contains 256g of Aluminum Fluoride, AlF3 in 5.00L of solution?

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